878day.year
Louis the Stammerer is crowned as king of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
In 878, Louis the Stammerer was crowned King of West Francia by Pope John VIII.
On September 7, 878, Pope John VIII crowned Louis the Stammerer as king of West Francia.
The ceremony took place in Rome, strengthening the alliance between the Frankish monarchy and the papacy.
Louis, son of the legendary ruler Charles the Bald, inherited a realm threatened by Viking raids and internal strife.
His coronation symbolized a bid to restore stability and reinforce Frankish identity.
Although his reign was short, lasting only two years, it marked a significant moment in the Carolingian dynasty.
878
Louis the Stammerer
West Francia
Pope John VIII
1159day.year
Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli is elected Pope Alexander III, prompting the election of Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Antipope Victor IV the same day.
In 1159, Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli was elected Pope Alexander III, triggering the rise of Antipope Victor IV.
On September 7, 1159, Cardinal Rolando Bandinelli was chosen as Pope Alexander III in Rome.
His election sparked fierce opposition from supporters of Emperor Frederick Barbarossa.
In response, they elevated Cardinal Octaviano Monticelli as Antipope Victor IV on the same day.
This schism plunged Western Christendom into nearly two decades of papal conflict.
Alexander III would later secure broader recognition and lay foundations for papal authority.
His pontificate saw important reforms and diplomatic engagements across Europe.
1159
Pope Alexander III
Antipope
Victor IV
1303day.year
Guillaume de Nogaret takes Pope Boniface VIII prisoner on behalf of Philip IV of France.
In 1303, Guillaume de Nogaret, on behalf of King Philip IV of France, arrested Pope Boniface VIII at Anagni.
On September 7, 1303, Guillaume de Nogaret led French forces to the papal palace at Anagni.
He arrested Pope Boniface VIII under orders from Philip IV, accusing him of political meddling.
The dramatic capture, known as the Outrage of Anagni, shocked Christendom.
Although Boniface was quickly freed by local supporters, his health and authority never fully recovered.
This conflict epitomized the struggle between monarchy and papacy over power and taxation.
It set a precedent for the Avignon Papacy and the shifting balance of medieval European politics.
1303
Guillaume de Nogaret
Pope Boniface VIII
Philip IV of France
1571day.year
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is arrested for his role in the Ridolfi plot to assassinate Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.
In 1571, Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, was arrested for his part in the Ridolfi plot against Queen Elizabeth I.
On September 7, 1571, Thomas Howard, the wealthiest English nobleman, was detained at the Tower of London.
He was implicated in the Ridolfi plot, aiming to assassinate Elizabeth I and place Mary, Queen of Scots, on the throne.
The conspiracy involved high-ranking English and Spanish officials eager to restore Catholic rule.
Howard’s arrest underscored Elizabeth’s vigilance against threats to her Protestant regime.
He faced trial for treason but was ultimately executed in 1572.
The plot’s exposure heightened tensions between England and Catholic Europe, shaping Elizabethan politics.
1571
Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk
Ridolfi plot
Elizabeth I
Mary, Queen of Scots
1764day.year
Election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the last ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
In 1764, Stanisław August Poniatowski was chosen as the final monarch of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, marking the last royal election of the historic union.
In a pivotal election on September 7, 1764, the Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth elected Stanisław August Poniatowski as king.
Supported by Russia, his ascension highlighted the growing influence of neighboring powers over Polish affairs.
Poniatowski's reign would be marked by ambitious reforms aimed at strengthening the state and modernizing its institutions.
Despite his efforts, internal divisions and foreign interventions limited his ability to preserve the Commonwealth.
His election foreshadowed the eventual partitions of Poland and the loss of sovereignty by the end of the 18th century.
1764
Stanisław August Poniatowski
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1818day.year
Carl III of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Norway, in Trondheim.
In 1818, Carl III John of the personal union of Sweden–Norway was crowned King of Norway in Trondheim, reinforcing the dual monarchy.
On September 7, 1818, Crown Prince Carl John (formerly Jean Bernadotte) was formally crowned as King Carl III John of Norway in Trondheim Cathedral.
His coronation cemented the dynastic union between Sweden and Norway established after the Napoleonic Wars.
The ceremony underscored the balance between Norwegian traditions and the new Bernadotte dynasty’s authority.
Carl III John promoted economic development and legal reforms, shaping Norway’s political landscape.
His reign marked a period of relative stability and laid the groundwork for Norway’s eventual move toward greater autonomy.
1818
Carl III
Sweden–Norway
Trondheim
1822day.year
Dom Pedro I declares Brazil independent from Portugal on the shores of the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo.
Dom Pedro I proclaimed Brazil’s independence from Portugal in 1822 with the famous 'Cry of Ipiranga', initiating the birth of the Empire of Brazil.
On September 7, 1822, near the Ipiranga Brook in São Paulo, Prince Dom Pedro I declared Brazil’s independence from Portuguese rule.
This event, known as the 'Cry of Ipiranga', ended over three centuries of colonial domination.
Dom Pedro I’s bold announcement was fueled by nationalist sentiment and pressure from Brazilian elites.
Following the proclamation, he was crowned Emperor Pedro I of Brazil, establishing a constitutional monarchy.
Brazil’s independence paved the way for economic development and relative political stability in South America.
1822
Dom Pedro I
Brazil independent
Ipiranga Brook
São Paulo
1860day.year
Unification of Italy: Giuseppe Garibaldi enters Naples.
During the campaign for Italian unification in 1860, Giuseppe Garibaldi triumphantly entered Naples, extending his control over southern Italy.
On September 7, 1860, the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Garibaldi and his volunteers captured Naples, a key stronghold of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
This victory followed the successful Expedition of the Thousand, a bold campaign against Bourbon rule in southern Italy.
Garibaldi’s advance galvanized support for the Risorgimento and pressured other Italian states to join unification.
His entry into Naples marked the downfall of the Bourbon monarchy and the consolidation of Italian territories under the House of Savoy.
The event accelerated the process leading to the proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
1860
Unification of Italy
Giuseppe Garibaldi
1901day.year
The Boxer Rebellion in Qing dynasty (modern-day China) officially ends with the signing of the Boxer Protocol.
The Boxer Protocol formally ended the Boxer Rebellion, forcing the Qing dynasty to accept heavy reparations and foreign troop stations.
Following the violent anti-foreigner and anti-Christian uprisings of 1900, foreign powers and Qing forces suppressed the Boxer rebels in China. On September 7, 1901, the Qing government signed the Boxer Protocol in Beijing, officially concluding the conflict. The treaty imposed harsh penalties, including massive indemnities amounting to hundreds of millions of silver taels. It allowed foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing and along the Tianjin–Beijing railway. The protocol also demanded the dismantling of Beijing's fortifications and the execution or exile of rebel leaders. The defeat severely weakened the Qing dynasty, hastening its decline and the eventual revolution of 1911. Moreover, the settlement deepened foreign influence in China and fueled nationalist sentiments. The Boxer Protocol remains a landmark in China's 'Century of Humiliation,' underscoring the era's imperialist pressures.
1901
Boxer Rebellion
Qing dynasty
China
Boxer Protocol
1923day.year
The International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL) is formed.
INTERPOL, the International Criminal Police Organization, was formed to facilitate global law enforcement cooperation.
On September 7, 1923, delegates from 20 European countries met in Vienna to establish the International Criminal Police Commission, later known as INTERPOL.
The organization was created to promote international cooperation among police forces and combat transnational crime.
INTERPOL introduced standardized methods for exchanging criminal data, including identity verification and fingerprints.
Headquartered initially in Vienna, it moved to Lyon, France, in 1989, continuing its mission under the name INTERPOL.
Today, with 194 member countries, INTERPOL assists in global efforts against terrorism, cybercrime, drug trafficking, and more.
Its networks and databases enable rapid information sharing, making it a cornerstone of modern policing.
1923
International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL)
1940day.year
Romania returns Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova.
Romania returned Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under the Treaty of Craiova, redrawing Balkan borders.
On September 7, 1940, Romania signed the Treaty of Craiova, ceding Southern Dobruja to Bulgaria under international pressure.
The transfer aimed to resolve longstanding ethnic and territorial disputes between the two nations.
The treaty resulted in population exchanges, with Bulgarians moving to Southern Dobruja and Romanians relocating north.
This territorial adjustment reflected the shifting alliances and tensions preceding World War II.
The agreement temporarily stabilized the region but also underscored the volatility of Balkan borders.
Control of Southern Dobruja remained a contentious issue in subsequent decades until formal normalization.
1940
Southern Dobruja
Treaty of Craiova
1953day.year
Nikita Khrushchev is elected first secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
On September 7, 1953, Nikita Khrushchev was elected First Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party, paving his path to leadership.
In the aftermath of Stalin's death, the Soviet leadership underwent significant reorganization.
On September 7, 1953, Nikita Khrushchev was elected First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
This position made him the de facto leader of the Soviet state and party apparatus.
Khrushchev's rise marked a shift toward de-Stalinization and more pragmatic governance.
Over the next decade, he implemented reforms such as the Khrushchev Thaw and agricultural initiatives.
His tenure would reshape Cold War dynamics and Soviet domestic policy until his removal in 1964.
1953
Nikita Khrushchev
first secretary