506day.year
The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
In 506, bishops of Visigothic Gaul convened in Agde to establish key canons governing church discipline and property.
In the summer of 506, church leaders gathered in the port city of Agde.
Seventy bishops and clerical representatives from across Visigothic Gaul attended the council.
They debated and issued canons on clerical conduct, liturgical uniformity, and church property management.
The resulting decrees helped standardize ecclesiastical discipline throughout the region.
These canons influenced the development of medieval canon law for centuries.
506
Council of Agde
1089day.year
The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decrees about church law and deals with the relation with the Greek part of the Church.
Pope Urban II's inaugural synod at Melfi in 1089 issued pivotal decrees on church law and East-West relations.
On September 10, 1089, Pope Urban II convened his first synod in the city of Melfi.
Seventy bishops and twelve abbots attended to discuss reforms in clerical discipline and ecclesiastical courts.
The assembly produced canons regulating church property and legal procedures.
It also addressed tensions between the Latin Church and its Greek counterparts.
The synod reinforced papal authority and set the stage for future reforms in Christendom.
1089
first synod
pope Urban II
Melfi
1419day.year
John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy is assassinated by adherents of the Dauphin, the future Charles VII of France.
John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, was assassinated in 1419, intensifying the Armagnac–Burgundian conflict during the Hundred Years' War.
On September 10, 1419, Duke John the Fearless of Burgundy was murdered on a bridge at Montereau.
The assassination was carried out by supporters of the Dauphin, the future King Charles VII of France.
This act shattered hopes for peace between the rival Armagnac and Burgundian factions.
It deepened internal divisions in France at a critical juncture of the Hundred Years' War.
The duke's death drove Burgundy into alliance with England, altering the course of the conflict.
1419
is assassinated
Charles VII of France
1509day.year
An earthquake known as "The Lesser Judgment Day" hits Constantinople.
The 1509 Constantinople earthquake, dubbed "The Lesser Judgment Day," struck the city, causing widespread destruction.
On September 10, 1509, a powerful earthquake shook Constantinople, earning the moniker "The Lesser Judgment Day."
Numerous buildings, from churches to homes, collapsed under the tremors.
Thousands of residents were injured or rendered homeless by falling debris.
Sultan Bayezid II ordered rapid relief efforts and oversaw the city's initial reconstruction.
Contemporary chronicles describe scenes of panic and heroic rescue amid the ruins.
1509
The Lesser Judgment Day
1515day.year
Thomas Wolsey is invested as a Cardinal.
In 1515, Thomas Wolsey was elevated to Cardinal, solidifying his position as Henry VIII's most powerful advisor.
On September 10, 1515, Thomas Wolsey received the red hat of Cardinal from Pope Leo X.
This elevation crowned his rise from humble origins to the highest ranks of the English clergy.
As Cardinal, Wolsey held immense sway over both church affairs and royal policy.
He directed foreign diplomacy, domestic reforms, and church administration under Henry VIII.
His influence marked a pinnacle of clerical power in Tudor England.
1515
Thomas Wolsey
1547day.year
The Battle of Pinkie, the last full-scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
The Battle of Pinkie in 1547 saw English forces under the Duke of Somerset rout the Scots, the last major battle between the kingdoms.
On September 10, 1547, near Musselburgh in Scotland, the English army led by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, engaged the Scots at Pinkie.
Heavy artillery and disciplined infantry tactics overwhelmed the Scottish forces under the Earl of Arran.
The decisive victory inflicted thousands of casualties on the Scots.
It secured English dominance in the Lothian region during the War of the Rough Wooing.
Pinkie was the final full-scale pitched battle between England and Scotland, highlighting evolving warfare methods.
1547
Battle of Pinkie
1561day.year
Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
In 1561, Takeda Shingen scored a hard-won victory over Uesugi Kenshin at the Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan's Sengoku period.
On September 10, 1561, Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin met at Kawanakajima for their fourth major battle.
Fierce combat unfolded in steep terrain along the Chikumagawa River.
Shingen's tactics and timing gave his samurai the upper hand.
Both sides suffered heavy losses, but the victory bolstered Takeda's regional influence.
The clash became legendary, symbolizing the era's brutal military rivalries.
1561
Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima
1570day.year
Spanish Jesuit missionaries land in present-day Virginia to establish the short-lived Ajacán Mission.
In 1570, Spanish Jesuits arrived in Virginia to found the short-lived Ajacán Mission among Native American communities.
On September 10, 1570, Jesuit priests landed on the shores of present-day Virginia to establish the Ajacán Mission.
Led by Father Juan Bautista de Segura, they aimed to convert local tribes to Christianity.
Initial contact was peaceful, with missionaries learning indigenous languages and customs.
However, logistical challenges and cultural misunderstandings strained relations.
Within months, the mission collapsed amid violence, and survivors retreated to Spanish territories.
1570
Ajacán Mission
1573day.year
German pirate Klein Henszlein and 33 of his crew are beheaded in Hamburg.
In 1573, infamous pirate Klein Henszlein and thirty-three of his crew were executed by beheading in Hamburg as a stark warning to corsairs.
On September 10, 1573, Klein Henszlein and thirty-three associates stood trial in Hamburg for acts of piracy in the Baltic Sea.
Condemned by the city's senate, they were publicly beheaded in the town square.
The execution drew large crowds, reflecting the era's harsh maritime law enforcement.
It marked the decline of organized piracy in the region.
Hamburg authorities used the spectacle to assert control over naval trade routes.
1573
Klein Henszlein
beheaded
Hamburg
1607day.year
Edward Maria Wingfield is ousted as first president of the governing council of the Colony of Virginia; he is replaced by John Ratcliffe.
In 1607, Edward Maria Wingfield was deposed as president of Virginia's governing council, with John Ratcliffe assuming leadership amidst colony struggles.
Following disputes over resource distribution and leadership styles, Edward Maria Wingfield was removed from office on September 10, 1607.
John Ratcliffe was elected by council members to replace him as president of the Virginia colony.
The transition reflected deep divisions among settlers over governance and relations with native tribes.
Wingfield's departure underscored the fragility of England's first permanent North American settlement.
These early power struggles shaped the future political culture of Jamestown.
1607
Edward Maria Wingfield
Colony of Virginia
John Ratcliffe
1608day.year
John Smith is elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia.
In 1608, John Smith was elected council president of Jamestown, Virginia, providing the fledgling colony with its first local government.
In 1608, the Virginia Company of London appointed John Smith as council president of Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America. His election marked an early experiment in colonial self-government, where settlers had a voice in local affairs. Smith's leadership helped enforce laws, allocate land, and manage relations with Indigenous peoples. Under his presidency, the settlers implemented regulations to improve discipline and productivity. This event set a precedent for representative governance in the New World, influencing future colonial charters and political thought. Jamestown's council system laid the foundation for the development of American democratic institutions.
1608
John Smith
1622day.year
Fifty-five Christians are executed in Nagasaki during the Great Genna Martyrdom
In 1622, fifty-five Christians were executed in Nagasaki during the Great Genna Martyrdom under Japan's Tokugawa shogunate.
In 1622, the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan carried out the Great Genna Martyrdom, executing fifty-five Christians in Nagasaki. The persecution stemmed from fears that Christianity undermined social order and threatened the shogunate's authority. Missionaries and converts were targeted in a campaign to eradicate foreign influence and enforce national isolation. Public executions were intended to deter the spread of the faith among Japanese citizens. Despite the brutal crackdown, underground Christian communities persisted in secret. This event remains a poignant example of religious suppression and the resilience of faith under oppression.
1622
Nagasaki
Great Genna Martyrdom