1547day.year
The Battle of Pinkie, the last full-scale military confrontation between England and Scotland, resulting in a decisive victory for the forces of Edward VI.
The Battle of Pinkie in 1547 saw English forces under the Duke of Somerset rout the Scots, the last major battle between the kingdoms.
On September 10, 1547, near Musselburgh in Scotland, the English army led by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, engaged the Scots at Pinkie.
Heavy artillery and disciplined infantry tactics overwhelmed the Scottish forces under the Earl of Arran.
The decisive victory inflicted thousands of casualties on the Scots.
It secured English dominance in the Lothian region during the War of the Rough Wooing.
Pinkie was the final full-scale pitched battle between England and Scotland, highlighting evolving warfare methods.
1547
Battle of Pinkie
1561day.year
Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima: Takeda Shingen defeats Uesugi Kenshin in the climax of their ongoing conflicts.
In 1561, Takeda Shingen scored a hard-won victory over Uesugi Kenshin at the Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima in Japan's Sengoku period.
On September 10, 1561, Takeda Shingen and Uesugi Kenshin met at Kawanakajima for their fourth major battle.
Fierce combat unfolded in steep terrain along the Chikumagawa River.
Shingen's tactics and timing gave his samurai the upper hand.
Both sides suffered heavy losses, but the victory bolstered Takeda's regional influence.
The clash became legendary, symbolizing the era's brutal military rivalries.
1561
Fourth Battle of Kawanakajima
1776day.year
American Revolutionary War: Nathan Hale volunteers to spy for the Continental Army.
In 1776, Nathan Hale volunteered to spy on British forces for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War.
On September 10, 1776, Nathan Hale, a young teacher from Connecticut, volunteered to serve as a spy for General George Washington's Continental Army. Disguised as a Dutch schoolteacher, he infiltrated Long Island to gather intelligence on British troop movements. After two weeks behind enemy lines, he was captured by British forces and executed the next day. Before his hanging, Hale allegedly proclaimed, 'I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.' His selfless act and martyrdom made him an enduring symbol of American patriotism and sacrifice. Hale's courage under fire helped shape the narrative of individual heroism in the struggle for independence.
1776
American Revolutionary War
Nathan Hale
1798day.year
At the Battle of St. George's Caye, British Honduras defeats Spain.
In 1798, at the Battle of St. George’s Caye, British settlers in Honduras defeated Spanish forces, securing control of the territory.
On September 10, 1798, the Battle of St. George's Caye took place off the coast of British Honduras (now Belize). British settlers and their African allies successfully defended the colony against a Spanish fleet intent on reclaiming the territory. The engagement, lasting only two days, resulted in a decisive British victory with minimal casualties. This triumph solidified British presence in the region and deterred future Spanish ambitions in Central America. The battle is celebrated in Belize as a foundational moment in the nation's history, commemorated annually on St. George's Caye Day. The event underscored the strategic importance of the Caribbean for European colonial powers.
1798
Battle of St. George's Caye
1813day.year
The United States defeats a British Fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie during the War of 1812.
In 1813, during the War of 1812, the United States defeated the British fleet at the Battle of Lake Erie under Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry.
On September 10, 1813, Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry led the U.S. Navy to a pivotal victory against the British at the Battle of Lake Erie. Perry's fleet captured six British ships, ensuring American control of the lake and securing supply lines for the Northwestern frontier. His message, 'We have met the enemy and they are ours,' boosted national morale and contributed to American momentum in the war. The victory forced the British to retreat from Detroit and prevented them from invading Ohio and Michigan Territory. It demonstrated the growing prowess of the U.S. Navy and underscored the strategic importance of naval power in the Great Lakes region. The battle remains a celebrated chapter in U.S. naval history.
1813
Battle of Lake Erie
1918day.year
Russian Civil War: The Red Army captures Kazan.
During the Russian Civil War, the Red Army seized the strategic city of Kazan on 10 September 1918.
On 10 September 1918, the Red Army captured the city of Kazan in a decisive victory during the Russian Civil War. The operation involved coordinated assaults by the Fifth Army and the Volga Flotilla against White forces and Allied interventionists stationed in the city. Kazan's fall severed a key supply route along the Volga River and boosted Bolshevik control in the region. The capture also yielded vast stores of military supplies, including a portion of the imperial gold reserves. The victory bolstered Red Army morale and disrupted anti-Bolshevik operations in central Russia. It marked a turning point that helped the Bolsheviks consolidate power and press westward against their opponents.
1918
Russian Civil War
captures Kazan
1939day.year
World War II: The submarine HMS Oxley is mistakenly sunk by the submarine HMS Triton near Norway and becomes the Royal Navy's first loss of a submarine in the war.
During WWII, the British submarine HMS Oxley was mistakenly sunk by HMS Triton, marking the Royal Navy's first submarine loss of the war.
On 10 September 1939, HMS Oxley became the Royal Navy's first submarine loss of World War II after being mistakenly sunk by HMS Triton near the Norwegian coast. HMS Triton, on patrol in the North Sea, misidentified Oxley as an enemy U-boat and launched torpedoes in the early hours. Only three crew members of the Oxley survived, while 52 sailors were lost at sea in the tragic friendly-fire incident. An official inquiry highlighted the challenges of submarine identification and communication in wartime conditions. As a result, the Royal Navy implemented improved recognition signals and protocols to prevent similar losses. The sinking underscored the deadly risks of undersea warfare and the fog of war beneath the waves.
1939
World War II
HMS Oxley
HMS Triton
Royal Navy
1939day.year
World War II: The Canadian declaration of war on Germany receives royal assent.
Canada's declaration of war on Germany received royal assent, marking the nation's entry into World War II.
On 10 September 1939, the Parliament of Canada granted royal assent to its declaration of war on Germany, officially marking Canada's entry into World War II. Prime Minister Mackenzie King had delayed the decision to assert Canada's autonomy and awaited full parliamentary debate before committing. By declaring war separately from Britain, Canada affirmed its status as a sovereign nation. In the days that followed, recruitment surged and the Canadian Expeditionary Force began mobilizing for overseas deployment. Canadian industries rapidly retooled to produce munitions and military supplies for the Allied cause. Canada's engagement in the war would have a lasting impact on its national identity and postwar development.
Canadian declaration of war on Germany
1942day.year
World War II: The British Army carries out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to re-launch Allied offensive operations in the Madagascar Campaign.
British forces carried out an amphibious landing on Madagascar to resume Allied operations in the Madagascar Campaign.
On 10 September 1942, British Army forces launched an amphibious assault on Madagascar as part of Operation Ironclad to secure the island from Vichy French control. The landing at Diego Suarez aimed to prevent Japanese access to strategic naval bases and safeguard Allied shipping lanes in the Indian Ocean. Despite initial resistance, British infantry and naval units established a foothold and gradually advanced inland. The campaign emphasized the strategic importance of Madagascar in protecting supply routes to North Africa and Asia. After several months of operations, Vichy French forces capitulated and the island came under Allied administration. The successful landing ensured Allied dominance in the region and bolstered maritime security.
1942
Madagascar Campaign
1943day.year
World War II: In the course of Operation Achse, German troops begin their occupation of Rome.
German troops began occupying Rome under Operation Achse following Italy's armistice with the Allies.
On 10 September 1943, German forces initiated Operation Achse by occupying Rome following Italy's armistice with the Allies. Wehrmacht divisions swiftly moved into the capital, seizing key infrastructure, government buildings, and communication centers. The occupation caught many Italian units off guard and effectively ended Italy's alliance with Germany. Jewish residents of Rome faced increased persecution under German military rule. The city remained under occupation until Allied forces liberated it on 4 June 1944. Operation Achse underscored the shifting alliances and brutal realities of wartime occupation in Europe.
1943
Operation Achse
2000day.year
Operation Barras successfully frees six British soldiers held captive for over two weeks and contributes to the end of the Sierra Leone Civil War.
Operation Barras in 2000 saw British forces rescue six soldiers held by Sierra Leonean rebels, contributing to the end of the country’s civil war.
In September 2000, a joint operation by the British Special Air Service (SAS) and Parachute Regiment targeted the West Side Boys militia in Sierra Leone. Six soldiers from the Royal Irish Regiment had been captured by the rebels days earlier. The raid freed the hostages and inflicted heavy casualties on the militia, demonstrating the UK’s rapid deployment capabilities. The success of Operation Barras bolstered the UN peacekeeping mission (UNAMSIL) and undermined rebel control. The action is credited with helping to bring the decade-long Sierra Leone Civil War to a close.
2000
Operation Barras