September 11
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Battle of Tendra Day(Russia)
A day commemorating the Russian naval victory at the Battle of Tendra in 1790 and honoring the bravery of Admiral Ushakov's fleet.
Christianfeast days:
BlessedFrancesco Bonifacio, Deiniol, Felix, Regula, and Exuperantius, Harry Burleigh(Episcopal Church), John Gabriel Perboyre(one ofMartyr Saints of China), Leudinus (Bobo), Our Lady of Coromoto, Paphnutius of Thebes(Roman Catholic Church), Patiens of Lyon, Protus and Hyacinth, Sperandia, Theodora of Alexandria, September 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A collective observance of multiple Christian saints and blessed figures across Catholic, Orthodox, and Anglican traditions on September 11th.
Death Anniversary of Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah(Pakistan)
Honors the death anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founding father of Pakistan, observed annually on September 11th.
Emergency Number Day(United States)
A day to promote awareness of the 9-1-1 emergency number and encourage proper use in life-threatening situations.
Enkutatashfalls on this day if it is not a leap year. Celebrated on the first day ofMäskäräm. (Ethiopia,Eritrea,Rastafari)
Celebrates Enkutatash, the Ethiopian and Eritrean New Year, observed on September 11th in most years.
National Day(Catalonia)
La Diada commemorates the fall of Barcelona during the War of the Spanish Succession, observed in Catalonia on September 11th.
Nayrouz(Coptic Orthodox Church), September 12 on leap years.
Marks Nayrouz, the Coptic New Year feast, celebrated by the Coptic Orthodox community on September 11th (or September 12th in leap years).
September 11 attacks-related observances (United States):
National Day of Service and Remembrance, Patriot Day
Honors the victims of the September 11 attacks through Patriot Day and the National Day of Service and Remembrance.
Teachers' Day(Argentina)
Recognizes Teachers' Day in Argentina, honoring educators on the anniversary of Domingo Sarmiento's death.
Events
The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends: The Roman Empire suffers the greatest defeat of its history and the Rhine is established as the border between the Empire and the so-called barbarians for the next four hundred years.
In AD 9, three Roman legions under Publius Quinctilius Varus marched into the Teutoburg Forest. Germanic tribes led by Arminius orchestrated a crushing ambush, annihilating the Roman forces. This defeat halted Roman expansion east of the Rhine and set it as the Empire's boundary for four centuries.
Isaac II Angelos kills Stephen Hagiochristophorites and then appeals to the people, resulting in the revolt that deposes Andronikos I Komnenos and places Isaac on the throne of the Byzantine Empire.
In 1185, Isaac II Angelos assassinated a court official and rallied a popular revolt to depose Emperor Andronikos I Komnenos and claim the Byzantine throne.
An earthquake occurred in the south of Great Britain, notably causing multiple fatalities as well as destroying St Michael's Church on Glastonbury Tor.
A powerful earthquake shakes southern England, causing deaths and bringing down St Michael's Church atop Glastonbury Tor.
Battle of Stirling Bridge: Scots jointly led by William Wallace and Andrew Moray defeat the English.
Scottish forces under William Wallace and Andrew Moray rout an English army at Stirling Bridge, marking a pivotal victory in the First War of Scottish Independence.
Lithuanian Civil War (1389–92): The Teutonic Knights begin a five-week siege of Vilnius.
The Teutonic Knights launch a five-week siege of Vilnius during the internal Lithuanian Civil War, challenging Grand Duke Vytautas' authority.
Santiago, Chile, is attacked by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards.
Indigenous warriors led by Michimalonco attack Santiago to free captive chiefs, challenging Spanish colonial authority.
Ottoman forces retreat from Malta ending the Great Siege of Malta.
Ottoman forces withdraw from Malta, ending their months-long siege and securing a decisive Christian victory.
Henry Hudson arrives on Manhattan Island and meets the indigenous people living there.
Explorer Henry Hudson arrives at Manhattan Island, making first recorded contact with the Lenape people.
Siege of Drogheda ends: Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian troops take the town and execute its garrison.
Oliver Cromwell's Parliamentarian forces capture Drogheda and execute its Royalist garrison in a ruthless storming of the town.
Births
Yuknoom Ch'een II
Pioneering Mayan ruler of Calakmul who led the city-state to its peak of power during the Classic period.
Minamoto no Yoriie
Second shōgun of the Kamakura shogunate who briefly ruled Japan before his forced abdication.
Eleanor of Lancaster
English noblewoman who served as Countess of Arundel and was a member of the influential Lancaster family.
Bernardo Accolti
Italian Renaissance poet celebrated for his witty improvisations and popularity at European courts.
Louise of Savoy
Mother of King Francis I of France who twice served as regent and wielded significant influence at the French court.
Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg
German noblewoman who became Duchess of Guelders through marriage and played a role in regional politics of the Low Countries.
Ulisse Aldrovandi
Italian naturalist whose extensive studies in botany and zoology laid foundations for modern natural history.
Pierre de Ronsard
Leading French Renaissance poet whose sonnets and epic verse shaped the development of French literature.
John George
Elector of Brandenburg from 1571 to 1598 who oversaw administrative reforms and cultural patronage in the Holy Roman Empire.
Deaths
Kesta Styppiotes
Byzantine general who led imperial forces on the eastern frontier during the 9th century.
King of Hungary from 1060 to 1063 who strengthened royal authority.
Melisende
Queen regnant of Jerusalem from 1131 to 1153 and influential medieval ruler.
Stephen Hagiochristophorites
Byzantine imperial official and courtier during the reign of Andronikos I Komnenos.
Robert Kilwardby
English cardinal and Archbishop of Canterbury who influenced medieval theology.
Hugh de Cressingham
English treasurer and royal official killed at the Battle of Stirling Bridge.
Philip of Artois
French nobleman and lord who governed territories in Artois and Normandy.
Bonne of Luxembourg
Queen consort of France as the wife of King John II and member of the Luxembourg dynasty.
Vincenza Armani
Italian actress and early star of commedia dell'arte in Renaissance Venice.