September 12

On September 12, 1847, many members of the Saint Patrick’s Battalion were executed by hanging in Mexico City after fighting for Mexico in the Mexican–American War. Mostly composed of Irish immigrants who deserted the U.S. Army, the battalion is remembered for its bravery and complex loyalty. The commemoration reflects on themes of nationalism, religious solidarity and the immigrant experience in 19th-century conflicts. Ceremonies in Mexico honor the battalion’s sacrifice, while historians debate their legacy from both U.S. and Mexican perspectives. This solemn day serves as a reminder of divided loyalties and the human cost of war.

Saragarhi Day commemorates September 12, 1897, when 21 Sikh soldiers defended a remote outpost against thousands of attackers. Part of the British Indian Army’s 36th Sikhs regiment, they fought to the last man in what became a symbol of courage. Remembrance events in Sikh communities include prayers, parades and readings of the soldiers’ accounts. The day has inspired books, films and monuments, honoring self-sacrifice and devotion to duty. Saragarhi Day celebrates Sikh martial tradition and the enduring legacy of heroism.