September 13

Born in 1502, Leland studied at Oxford before joining the court of Henry VIII as a royal poet. Commissioned to survey and record manuscripts threatened by the dissolution of monasteries, he traveled extensively. His monumental Itinerary documents local traditions, genealogies, and historical sites across England and Wales. Leland’s scholarly rigor preserved countless medieval texts that might otherwise have been lost. He died in 1552, leaving a lasting foundation for antiquarian and historical research in Britain.

Born in Berlin in 1802, Ruge studied theology and philosophy under Hegel. He became a prominent member of the Young Hegelians and co-edited the progressive journal Der Deutsche Jahrbücher. Ruge advocated for liberal democratic reforms and social rights in the turbulent pre-1848 era. After the failed revolutions of 1848 he lived in exile in France and Britain, continuing his writing and political activism. He returned to Germany later in life, influencing generations of thinkers before his death in 1880.

Born into an aristocratic family in Moravia in 1830, she defied conventions to pursue writing. Ebner-Eschenbach published psychological novels and novellas exploring social issues and moral questions. Her works, such as "Das Gemeindekind," earned critical acclaim across German-speaking Europe. Known for her insightful character studies and advocacy for women's education, she received a baronial title. She continued writing until her death in 1916, leaving a lasting legacy in Austrian literature.

Born in 1876 in Camden, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson began his writing career later in life after working in business and journalism. His 1919 collection "Winesburg, Ohio" used modernist techniques to explore small-town American life and psychic depth, inspiring writers like Hemingway and Faulkner. Anderson's frank style and focus on character psychology marked a shift in American literature. He published novels, essays, and memoirs before his death in 1941.

John Boynton Priestley was an English novelist and playwright known for exploring social themes and human relationships. Born in 1894, he served in World War I before publishing bestselling novels such as "The Good Companions" and "Angel Pavement." Priestley's play "An Inspector Calls" remains a staple of theater for its critique of class and responsibility. During World War II, he became a popular BBC broadcaster, offering hope and reflection to British audiences. His writings and broadcasts left a lasting impact on literature and public discourse in the 20th century.

Born in Łódź, Poland, Julian Tuwim co-founded the Skamander literary group and became a leading voice in modern Polish verse. His witty, rhythmic poems captured the imagination of readers with works like "Lokomotywa" (The Locomotive) and satirical pieces that critiqued society. Tuwim's talents extended to children's literature, where his playful style won enduring popularity. During World War II, he emigrated and continued writing from exile, later returning to postwar Poland. He also contributed translations, cabaret lyrics, and theatrical direction. His innovative approach and mastery of language left a lasting imprint on 20th-century poetry.

Born on the island of Chios, Karolos Koun studied law but soon devoted himself to the theatre. He founded the Art Theatre in Athens in 1932, introducing innovative stagings of ancient Greek tragedies such as "Oedipus Rex" and "Medea." Koun championed contemporary Greek playwrights and experimented with minimalist sets and expressive ensemble acting. Under his guidance, the Art Theatre became a crucible for modern performance techniques and education. His productions toured Europe, influencing a generation of directors and actors. Koun’s legacy endures in the thriving Greek theatrical tradition he helped establish.

Roald Dahl's childhood in England and experiences as an RAF pilot in World War II deeply influenced his storytelling. He wrote whimsical yet darkly humorous tales that spoke to children and adults alike, featuring unforgettable characters and twists. Dahl penned classics including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, James and the Giant Peach, and Matilda, each celebrated for creativity. As a screenwriter, he contributed to films like Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, showcasing his cinematic flair. His use of playful language, inventive plots, and themes of triumph over adversity has inspired generations of readers. Dahl's stories have been adapted into films, plays, and musicals, maintaining global popularity. He remains one of the most widely read children's authors in history, honored for his storytelling brilliance.

Born in 1917, Carol Kendall dedicated her career to uncovering the narratives of the past. She authored numerous books and articles that explored various facets of American history. Her work was praised for its clarity, thorough scholarship, and accessibility to general audiences. Kendall received recognition from academic institutions for her contributions to historical studies. Throughout her life, she mentored young historians and remained active in writing and lecturing. Her legacy endures through the many readers and scholars influenced by her research.

Born in 1919, Mary Midgley became a leading voice in moral philosophy and the philosophy of science. She wrote extensively on the ethical dimensions of scientific practice and human behavior. Midgley's clear and engaging style made complex ideas accessible to wide audiences. Her influential books challenged reductionist approaches and emphasized the importance of moral responsibility. She held academic posts and received honors for her contributions to philosophical discourse. Until her death in 2018, she continued to publish and lecture on the intersections of science and ethics.

Born in 1920, Else Holmelund Minarik began her career as a journalist before turning to children's literature. She wrote a series of warmly illustrated books that captured young readers' imaginations. Her simple yet charming storytelling style endeared her to families around the world. Minarik's works became staples in early reading programs and remained popular for generations. She received accolades for her contributions to children's education and literature. Until her death in 2012, she continued to write and inspire young minds through her stories.

Mildred D. Taylor is an American writer born in 1943 whose work centers on the lives of African-American families in the early 20th-century South. Her acclaimed novel "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" won the Newbery Medal and the Coretta Scott King Award. Taylor's writing blends rich historical detail with compelling characters, chronicling struggles and triumphs across generations. She continued the saga with sequels such as "Let the Circle Be Unbroken" and "The Road to Memphis." Through her books, Taylor has educated readers about racial injustice, resilience, and family bonds. Her contributions have made her a celebrated voice in children's and historical literature.