September 13

Born in Lyon in 1735 and educated in Europe before joining the East India Company. Fought at the Battles of Plassey and Buxar, rising to the rank of major-general. Accumulated wealth through military service and mercantile ventures in India. Explored parts of northern India, mapping routes and establishing contacts. Bequeathed his fortune to found the La Martiniere schools in Lucknow and Calcutta. Died in 1800, his educational legacy endures in India and France.

Walter Bonatti was born in 1930 in Bergamo, Italy, and developed a passion for mountaineering at a young age. He joined the 1954 Italian expedition to K2 and made significant solo ascents in the Alps, including challenging routes on the Dru and Pilier Rouge du Brouillard. Bonatti was known for his bold and innovative climbing techniques in harsh conditions. After retiring from active climbing, he became a respected journalist and photojournalist, writing for Corriere della Sera. He authored acclaimed books recounting his adventures and reflecting on the ethics of mountaineering. Bonatti also advocated for environmental preservation of the world's high mountains. His legacy endures as one of the most influential alpinists of the 20th century.