AD 81day.year
Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus.
Domitian succeeded his brother Titus as Roman Emperor in AD 81, marking the beginning of his twelve-year rule.
Domitian, the third son of Vespasian, ascended to the throne following his elder brother Titus’s demise in September AD 81.
His accession marked the continuation of the Flavian dynasty’s rule over the Roman Empire.
Despite early popularity, Domitian’s authoritarian style and centralization of power later stirred senatorial discontent.
He undertook extensive building projects in Rome, including reconstruction after the fire of AD 80.
Domitian also revalued the Roman currency and strengthened the empire’s frontiers.
His reign laid groundwork for subsequent emperors but ended abruptly with his assassination in AD 96.
Remembered for both administrative achievements and despotic tendencies, Domitian remains a complex figure in Roman history.
AD 81
Domitian
Roman Empire
Titus
786day.year
"Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Birth of Harun's son al-Ma'mun.
On the 'Night of the Three Caliphs', Harun al-Rashid became the Abbasid caliph and his son al-Ma'mun was born, heralding a vibrant era for the caliphate.
In September 786, the death of Caliph al-Hadi triggered a succession crisis known as the 'Night of the Three Caliphs'.
Harun al-Rashid, his brother, emerged victorious and assumed leadership of the Abbasid Caliphate.
That same night, the future caliph al-Ma'mun, Harun’s son, was born, another key figure in Islamic history.
Harun’s reign is celebrated for cultural flourishing, scientific patronage, and political consolidation.
Under his rule, Baghdad became a global center of learning and artistry in the Islamic Golden Age.
He fostered translation movements, supported scholars, and maintained relative stability across vast territories.
Al-Ma'mun later continued these intellectual traditions as caliph from 813 to 833.
This pivotal night set the stage for one of the most illustrious periods in medieval Islamic civilization.
786
Harun al-Rashid
al-Hadi
al-Ma'mun
1607day.year
Flight of the Earls from Lough Swilly, Donegal, Ireland.
On September 14, 1607, leading Irish chieftains fled Ireland in the 'Flight of the Earls', marking the end of Gaelic aristocratic power.
The Flight of the Earls saw Hugh O’Neill and Rory O’Donnell depart from Lough Swilly for mainland Europe.
Stripped of their lands and titles after the Nine Years’ War, they sought support for reclaiming their estates.
Their departure ended centuries of Gaelic lordship in Ulster and cleared the way for English plantation.
The event symbolized the collapse of the traditional Gaelic order under Tudor conquest.
It precipitated the Plantation of Ulster, transforming the region’s demographics and politics.
The exiled earls lived in Rome and Spain, never returning to their homeland.
The Flight remains a poignant moment in Irish cultural memory, marking a dramatic shift in history.
1607
Flight of the Earls
Ireland
1752day.year
The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (the previous day was September 2).
The British Empire adopted the Gregorian calendar in 1752, skipping eleven days to align with continental Europe.
Parliament passed the Calendar (New Style) Act in 1750 to correct the Julian calendar's drift.
On this day, September 2 was followed immediately by September 14, omitting eleven dates.
The reform synchronized British civil and ecclesiastical events with those in Europe.
Many people protested, believing their lives shortened by nearly two weeks.
Merchants and ship captains welcomed the change for international trade consistency.
This adoption paved the way for modern timekeeping across the British Empire.
1752
adopts the Gregorian calendar
1791day.year
The Papal States lose Avignon to Revolutionary France.
In 1791, the Papal States lost control of Avignon when Revolutionary France formally annexed the territory.
Avignon and the Comtat Venaissin had been papal possessions for centuries.
Revolutionary forces in France demanded their integration into the new republic.
Papal troops were compelled to withdraw as local revolutionaries seized government buildings.
The annexation was ratified by the National Constituent Assembly in September.
The loss strained relations between the papacy and revolutionary governments.
It marked a significant secular expansion at the expense of ecclesiastical authority.
1791
Papal States
Avignon
Revolutionary France
1829day.year
The Ottoman Empire signs the Treaty of Adrianople with Russia, thus ending the Russo-Turkish War.
The Treaty of Adrianople in 1829 ended the Russo-Turkish War, reshaping power dynamics in Eastern Europe.
Negotiated in the city of Adrianople (modern Edirne), this treaty concluded hostilities since 1828.
The Ottomans ceded territory along the Danube and acknowledged Russian protectorate over Greek subjects.
Serbia gained full autonomy, marking a step toward independence.
Russia secured navigation rights in the Black Sea and free passage through the Dardanelles.
The treaty revealed Ottoman weakness and accelerated nationalist movements.
It significantly altered the balance between the two empires for decades.
1829
Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Adrianople
Russo-Turkish War
1901day.year
U.S. President William McKinley dies after being mortally wounded on September 6 by anarchist Leon Czolgosz and is succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.
On September 14, 1901, President William McKinley succumbed to wounds inflicted by anarchist Leon Czolgosz a week earlier.
He was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt, ushering in a new era of Progressive leadership.
President William McKinley was mortally wounded on September 6, 1901, at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, by anarchist Leon Czolgosz.
After a week of deteriorating health and mounting infection, he died on September 14 at the age of 58.
His death shocked the nation and underscored growing concerns over political violence in America.
Vice President Theodore Roosevelt was sworn in as the 26th President, becoming the youngest person to hold the office at age 42.
Roosevelt’s accession marked a shift toward Progressive policies, including trust-busting and conservation efforts.
The transition highlighted the evolving power of the presidency and America’s stance on domestic reform and foreign policy.
1901
William McKinley
being mortally wounded
September 6
Leon Czolgosz
Theodore Roosevelt
1911day.year
Russian Premier Pyotr Stolypin is shot by Dmitry Bogrov while attending a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera House, in the presence of Tsar Nicholas II.
Premier Pyotr Stolypin was shot by Dmitry Bogrov on September 14, 1911, while attending a performance at the Kiev Opera House.
The assassination shocked the Russian Empire and foreshadowed political turmoil before World War I.
Pyotr Stolypin, serving as Russia’s Prime Minister, was a key figure in agricultural reforms and political stabilization under Tsar Nicholas II.
On the evening of September 14, 1911, he attended Rimsky-Korsakov’s opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan in Kiev.
Dmitry Bogrov, a revolutionary sympathizer and former police informant, approached Stolypin in the theater and fired two shots.
Stolypin died instantly, and Bogrov was immediately apprehended by authorities.
The assassination removed a strong proponent of reform and intensified political unrest within the Russian Empire.
Historians view Stolypin’s death as a catalyst for subsequent revolutionary movements and the eventual collapse of the imperial regime.
1911
Pyotr Stolypin
Dmitry Bogrov
Rimsky-Korsakov
The Tale of Tsar Saltan
Tsar Nicholas II
1917day.year
The Russian Empire is formally replaced by the Russian Republic.
On September 14, 1917, amid the tide of revolution, the Russian Empire officially dissolved and the Russian Republic was proclaimed.
The Provisional Government in Petrograd officially declared the end of the Russian Empire’s monarchy on September 14, 1917.
Tsar Nicholas II had abdicated earlier in March, but this formal replacement solidified the shift to a republic.
The Russian Republic aimed to establish democratic reforms, civil liberties, and continue Russia’s involvement in World War I.
However, internal divisions and war fatigue weakened the provisional regime.
Later that year, Bolshevik forces would overthrow the government during the October Revolution.
This brief republic period highlights Russia’s turbulent path from autocracy to communist rule.
1917
Russian Empire
Russian Republic
1960day.year
Congo Crisis: Mobutu Sese Seko seizes power in a military coup, suspending parliament and the constitution.
During the Congo Crisis in 1960, Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in a military coup, suspending both parliament and the constitution.
During the Congo Crisis on September 14, 1960, army chief Mobutu Sese Seko executed a bloodless coup d'état, seizing power and suspending parliament and the constitution. The move came amid deep political strife following Congo's independence from Belgium and rival factions vying for control. Backed by Western interests concerned about Communist influence, Mobutu positioned himself as a stabilizing force. His consolidation of authority laid the groundwork for decades of authoritarian rule under his personalist regime. The coup reshaped the Democratic Republic of the Congo's political trajectory and drew criticism for undermining democratic governance in post-colonial Africa.
Congo Crisis
1979day.year
Afghan leader Nur Muhammad Taraki is assassinated upon the order of Hafizullah Amin, who becomes the new General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party.
Afghan leader Nur Muhammad Taraki was assassinated in 1979 on orders of Hafizullah Amin, who then became PDPA General Secretary.
On September 14, 1979, Afghan leader Nur Muhammad Taraki was assassinated under orders from his rival Hafizullah Amin, who then became General Secretary of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. This internal power struggle followed the Saur Revolution of 1978 and revealed growing factionalism within the communist government. Amin accused Taraki of treason and orchestrated his removal during a meeting at the presidential palace. The assassination intensified political instability, prompting Soviet unease about their ally's direction. These events set the stage for the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979, deepening the Cold War conflict in the region.
1979
Afghan leader
Nur Muhammad Taraki
Hafizullah Amin
People's Democratic Party
1982day.year
President-elect of Lebanon Bachir Gemayel is assassinated.
Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel was assassinated by a bombing in 1982, plunging Lebanon deeper into civil war.
Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel was assassinated by a bomb explosion on September 14, 1982, in Beirut, cutting short his promising political career. As leader of the Phalange Party and a key figure in the Lebanese Civil War, his election had been seen as a potential path to national reconciliation. The blast at his headquarters killed dozens of supporters and shocked the nation, exacerbating sectarian tensions. His death was followed by the massacre at the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps, deepening international condemnation. Gemayel's assassination remains a pivotal moment in Lebanon's turbulent history, symbolizing the complexities of Middle Eastern politics.
1982
Bachir Gemayel