1111day.year
Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".
In 1111, Galician nobles led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and Bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as King of Galicia, marking a key moment in the consolidation of his rule.
In the autumn of 1111, the powerful nobility of Galicia, guided by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and Bishop Diego Gelmírez, gathered to recognize Alfonso VII as their sovereign. This coronation underscored the region's desire for autonomous leadership within the broader Iberian power struggles. Alfonso's elevation strengthened his legitimacy and expanded his influence beyond León and Castile. The ceremony reflected the complex loyalties of medieval nobility and the pivotal role of the Church. It set the stage for Alfonso's later claims to the imperial title of Hispania and reshaped alliances among Christian kingdoms in the peninsula.
1111
Galician
Pedro Fróilaz de Traba
Diego Gelmírez
Alfonso VII
1382day.year
Louis the Great's daughter, Mary, is crowned "king" of Hungary.
In 1382, Mary, daughter of Louis the Great, is crowned king of Hungary, becoming one of the few female rulers to hold the title.
After the death of King Louis I, the Hungarian nobility crowned his daughter Mary as king on September 17, 1382, exercising a unique title to emphasize sovereign authority. Despite her youth, Mary inherited a kingdom facing internal factionalism and external threats. Her reign was overseen by regents, and disputes over her succession led to power struggles among noble families. Mary's ascension challenged gender norms of medieval monarchy and underscored the dynastic importance of the Angevin line. Her later marriage to Sigismund of Luxembourg would shape Central European politics for decades.
1382
Louis the Great
Mary
1577day.year
The Treaty of Bergerac is signed between King Henry III of France and the Huguenots.
The 1577 Treaty of Bergerac concludes a round of the French Wars of Religion, granting limited freedoms to the Huguenots under royal authority.
Signed on September 17, 1577, the Treaty of Bergerac was negotiated by King Henry III of France and leaders of the Huguenot Protestant minority. It aimed to quell ongoing religious violence by allowing Huguenots freedom of worship in designated areas and confirming certain civil rights. Though the agreement temporarily eased tensions, ambiguities in its terms led to renewed hostilities. The treaty reflected the Crown's struggle to balance religious pluralism with centralized control. Its legacy highlights the complexities and intermittent nature of peace attempts during the Wars of Religion.
1577
Treaty of Bergerac
Henry III of France
1776day.year
The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.
The Presidio of San Francisco is founded by Spanish colonial authorities, establishing the first permanent European settlement in the bay area.
On September 17, 1776, Spanish colonial authorities established the Presidio of San Francisco at the foot of what is now the San Francisco Peninsula.
The outpost served as a military garrison to protect Spain’s holdings in Alta California and secure the entrance to the bay.
Constructed with wooden palisades and barracks, it housed infantry forces tasked with maintaining colonial order.
Its strategic position deterred foreign threats and became a focal point for trade and settlement in the region.
Over the following decades, the Presidio evolved into a permanent settlement and administrative center.
Today, it stands as a historic park that commemorates California’s Spanish heritage.
1776
Presidio of San Francisco
1778day.year
The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe.
The first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe, the Treaty of Fort Pitt, is signed at Fort Pitt.
On September 17, 1778, representatives of the newly formed United States and the Lenape tribe met at Fort Pitt to negotiate peace and friendship.
The resulting Treaty of Fort Pitt granted the U.S. permission to travel through Lenape lands in exchange for goods and military assistance.
It recognized Lenape claims to their ancestral territories and pledged mutual non-aggression.
Congress hesitated to ratify the treaty fully, and tensions on the western frontier later undermined its terms.
Although it failed to secure lasting peace, the treaty marked the first formal diplomatic agreement between the U.S. government and a Native American nation.
It set an early precedent for future negotiations and the complex relationship between the United States and indigenous peoples.
1778
Treaty of Fort Pitt
1787day.year
The United States Constitution is signed at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, bringing the Constitutional Convention to an end.
Delegates at Philadelphia's Independence Hall sign the United States Constitution, establishing the nation's federal framework.
After four months of debate during 1787’s Constitutional Convention, delegates drafted a new framework for the United States government.
On September 17, they signed the Constitution at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, replacing the Articles of Confederation.
The document outlined a system of checks and balances among legislative, executive, and judicial branches.
It established federalism by dividing power between the national government and the states.
Ratification debates followed across the states, leading to the adoption of the Bill of Rights in 1791.
This pivotal event laid the foundation for American constitutional democracy and durable governance.
1787
United States Constitution
signed
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
Constitutional Convention
1914day.year
Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
In 1914, Andrew Fisher was sworn in as Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.
On September 17, 1914, Andrew Fisher assumed office as Australia's Prime Minister for the third time, representing the Australian Labor Party. Fisher had previously led the nation from 1908 to 1909 and again in 1910, securing landmark policies on social welfare and national development. His return coincided with Australia's entry into World War I, as he pledged support to Britain and mobilized the nation's resources for the war effort. Under his leadership, Australia expanded its military forces and later formed the ANZAC units that would gain renown at Gallipoli. Fisher's government also pursued infrastructure projects, including railway expansions and manufacturing initiatives. His third ministry reinforced policies promoting workers' rights and social programs, shaping Australia's early federal landscape. Fisher remained a key figure in forging Australia's national identity during a time of global conflict and domestic growth.
1914
Andrew Fisher
1924day.year
The Border Protection Corps is established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.
Poland establishes the Border Protection Corps in 1924 to guard against Soviet incursions and banditry.
On September 17, 1924, the Second Polish Republic formed the Border Protection Corps (Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza) as a dedicated paramilitary unit. Its mission was to secure the volatile eastern frontier against armed Soviet raids and local bandit groups. The corps was composed of professional soldiers and local recruits familiar with the terrain. It played a crucial role in stabilizing border regions and deterring cross-border threats. Over time, the Border Protection Corps developed specialized tactics for patrol, reconnaissance, and rapid response. Its establishment reflected Poland's focus on national security during the interwar period.
1924
Border Protection Corps
1948day.year
The Lehi (also known as the Stern gang) assassinates Count Folke Bernadotte, who was appointed by the United Nations to mediate between the Arab nations and Israel.
The Zionist militant group Lehi assassinates UN mediator Count Folke Bernadotte in Jerusalem.
On September 17, 1948, members of the Lehi underground ambushed the UN mediator’s convoy in Jerusalem.
Count Folke Bernadotte, a Swedish diplomat, had been negotiating on behalf of the United Nations to resolve the Arab–Israeli conflict.
Lehi members opposed his proposals, fearing they would limit Israeli territorial gains.
Bernadotte was fatally wounded, and his driver was also killed, shocking the international community.
The assassination led to a global outcry and strained Israel’s relations with the United Nations.
1948
Lehi
Folke Bernadotte
1948day.year
The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his sovereignty over the Hyderabad State and joins the Indian Union.
The Nizam of Hyderabad accedes his princely state to the Indian Union under pressure in 1948.
After months of political tension following India’s independence, the Hyderabad State faced internal unrest and external pressure.
On September 17, 1948, Mir Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam of Hyderabad, agreed to surrender sovereignty and join the Indian Union.
This decision followed 'Operation Polo,' a brief military intervention by Indian forces to integrate the state.
The accession ended the princely state’s bid for independence and consolidated India’s territorial integrity.
Hyderabad’s integration marked a significant step in the political unification of post-colonial India.
Nizam of Hyderabad
Hyderabad State
Indian Union
1950day.year
The People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps (Then known as the PLAAF 1st Ground Forces Brigade) is founded.
China establishes its first airborne brigade, laying the foundation for the PLA Airborne Corps.
On September 17, 1950, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force inaugurated its 1st Ground Forces Brigade, marking the birth of China’s airborne capability.
The new unit was trained in parachute operations and rapid deployment tactics, reflecting lessons from recent global conflicts.
This formation aimed to provide strategic mobility and rapid response to internal and external threats.
Over subsequent decades, the brigade evolved into a full-fledged Airborne Corps, becoming an elite branch of the PLA.
Its creation signified China’s commitment to modernizing its armed forces amid the backdrop of the early Cold War.
1950
People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps
1974day.year
Bangladesh, Grenada and Guinea-Bissau join the United Nations.
Bangladesh, Grenada, and Guinea-Bissau were admitted to the United Nations, expanding the organisation’s global membership.
On September 17, 1974, the UN General Assembly formally welcomed Bangladesh, Grenada, and Guinea-Bissau as new member states. Their admission reflected the wave of decolonisation and the increasing representation of newly independent nations. Bangladesh had achieved sovereignty after a brutal liberation war in 1971. Grenada and Guinea-Bissau joined following peaceful transitions from colonial rule. Their entry brought diverse perspectives to UN debates on development, peacekeeping, and international cooperation. This milestone strengthened the United Nations’ mission of fostering global collaboration.
1974
Bangladesh
Grenada
Guinea-Bissau