September 21

On September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos proclaimed martial law, citing threats to national security and order. The declaration shuttered Congress, imposed curfews, and suspended civil liberties across the archipelago. Thousands of political opponents, activists, and journalists were detained without charges, and human rights abuses became widespread. Monumental protests and later testimonies exposed the extent of state repression during the era. Today, events by civil society groups and historians commemorate the declaration’s anniversary to educate new generations about authoritarian rule. Memorials, lectures, and exhibits aim to foster dialogue on democracy, justice, and the importance of safeguarding civil rights. The commemoration serves as a cautionary reflection on the fragility of freedom and the resilience of the Filipino people.

On September 21, 1380, Russian troops led by Prince Dmitry Donskoy clashed with the Golden Horde near the Don River in what became the Battle of Kulikovo. The victory marked the first major military success of Rus' against Mongol rule and is celebrated as a turning point in the region's struggle for autonomy. Although not a modern public holiday, historians and enthusiasts honor the event with lectures, historical reenactments, and museum exhibitions. The battle's legacy endures as a symbol of unity and resistance against external domination. It is studied in schools as part of medieval Russian history and inspires cultural events across the country.