1913day.year
The United Mine Workers of America launch a strike which eventually escalated into the Colorado Coalfield War.
The United Mine Workers strike of 1913 ignited the Colorado Coalfield War, a bitter labor conflict.
On September 23, 1913, the United Mine Workers of America launched a strike across Colorado coal mines.
Miners protested low wages, unsafe conditions, and company dominance over local towns.
The strike escalated into the Colorado Coalfield War, marked by violent clashes between strikers and mine guards.
Key incidents included the Ludlow Massacre in April 1914, where dozens of miners and their families were killed.
The conflict drew national attention to labor rights and led to reforms in mining labor practices.
1913
United Mine Workers of America
Colorado Coalfield War
1955day.year
An all-white jury in Mississippi finds Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam not guilty in the torture-murder of 14-year-old African American boy Emmett Till.
An all-white Mississippi jury acquitted Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam in the brutal murder of 14-year-old Emmett Till, igniting national outrage.
On September 23, 1955, after just 67 minutes of deliberation, an all-white jury in Mississippi found Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam not guilty of murdering Emmett Till. The 14-year-old African American boy had been brutally beaten and lynched following accusations of offending a white woman. Despite compelling testimony and disturbing photographs of Till’s mutilated body, the defense’s arguments prevailed in a deeply segregated judicial system. The verdict shocked the nation and became a rallying point for civil rights activists. Jet magazine’s dramatic publication of Till’s funeral images intensified public condemnation. The miscarriage of justice galvanized leaders and laid groundwork for the broader civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
1955
Mississippi
Emmett Till
1957day.year
Little Rock schools integration crisis: President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock, Arkansas, and federalizes the Arkansas National Guard, ordering both to support the integration of Little Rock Central High School.
President Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard and deployed the 101st Airborne to enforce integration at Little Rock Central High School.
On September 23, 1957, amid escalating violence over school desegregation, President Dwight D. Eisenhower took unprecedented federal action in Little Rock, Arkansas. He federalized the Arkansas National Guard and ordered the 101st Airborne Division to protect nine African American students attempting to enter Central High School. This marked the first use of federal troops to uphold a Supreme Court desegregation ruling since Reconstruction. The presence of U.S. forces ensured the safely escorted entry of the “Little Rock Nine” and enforced the rule of law. The crisis drew international attention to America’s racial divisions and energized the civil rights movement. Eisenhower’s intervention set a powerful precedent for federal enforcement of civil rights legislation.
1957
Little Rock schools integration crisis
Dwight D. Eisenhower
101st Airborne Division
Little Rock, Arkansas
federalizes
Arkansas National Guard
integration
Little Rock Central High School