September 24
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Armed Forces Day (Peru)
A day to honor the Peruvian Armed Forces and their service to the nation.
Christianfeast day:
Anathalon(inBrescia), Antonio Gonzalez, BlessedÉmilie Gamelin(Canada), Gerard of Csanád, Our Lady of Mercyand its related observance:La Mercè(Barcelona), Our Lady of Ransom(Mercedarians), Our Lady of Walsingham(Church of England), Pacificus of San Severino, Rupert of Salzburg, September 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
A day marking various Christian saints’ feast days and Eastern Orthodox liturgical commemorations.
Constitution Day (Cambodia)
Cambodia’s Constitution Day, celebrating the adoption of its current constitution.
Heritage Day (South Africa)
Heritage Day celebrates South Africa’s cultural diversity and heritage.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence ofGuinea-Bissaufrom Portugal in 1973.
Celebrates Guinea-Bissau’s independence from Portugal in 1973.
Mahidol Day(Thailand)
Commemorates the contributions of Prince Mahidol of Songkla to Thai medicine and public health.
New Caledonia Day(New Caledonia)
New Caledonia Day commemorates the establishment of regional autonomy and democratic institutions.
Republic Day (Trinidad and Tobago)
Celebrates Trinidad and Tobago becoming a republic in 1976.
Anathalon(inBrescia)
Feast day of Saint Anathalon, the first known bishop of Brescia.
Events
Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of Hagia Sophia.
The Second Council of Nicaea convened at Hagia Sophia to address the controversy over icon veneration in the Byzantine Empire.
Spanish naval forces defeat an English fleet, under the command of John Hawkins, at the Battle of San Juan de Ulúa near Veracruz.
Spanish forces under Martín Enríquez de Almanza ambush and defeat John Hawkins’ English fleet at San Juan de Ulúa, heightening Anglo-Spanish tensions.
The Battle of Rowton Heath in England is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles.
Parliamentarian forces rout King Charles I’s Royalist army at Rowton Heath, tipping the balance in the English Civil War.
Second Tantrik Coronation of Shivaji.
Maratha leader Shivaji undergoes a second tantric coronation ritual, reinforcing his sovereign authority in India.
The United States Congress passes the Judiciary Act, creating the office of the Attorney General and federal judiciary system and ordering the composition of the Supreme Court.
The U.S. Congress enacts the Judiciary Act, establishing the federal court system and the position of Attorney General.
A revolutionary committee of notables forms the Provisional Government of Belgium.
Revolutionary leaders in Brussels establish a Provisional Government, setting Belgium on the path to independence.
The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to James Brooke.
Brunei cedes Sarawak to James Brooke, inaugurating the era of the White Rajahs in Borneo.
Mexican–American War: General Zachary Taylor captures Monterrey.
General Zachary Taylor seizes the strategic city of Monterrey after intense urban fighting in the Mexican–American War.
The first powered, passenger-carrying airship, the Giffard dirigible, travels 17 miles (27 km) from Paris to Trappes.
Henri Giffard pilots the first steam-powered, passenger-carrying airship on a 17-mile flight from Paris to Trappes.
Births
Vitellius
Roman emperor who briefly ruled during the tumultuous Year of the Four Emperors in 69 AD.
'Adud al-Dawla
Prominent Buyid king who strengthened the dynasty’s power in 10th-century Iraq and Persia.
Ralph de Stafford
English nobleman and military commander who served Edward III during the Hundred Years’ War.
Anne of Cyprus
Born Princess of Cyprus, she became Duchess of Savoy and a notable figure in 15th-century European politics.
Shekha of Amarsar
Rajput chieftain who defended his territory against rival clans in 15th-century India.
Georg von Frundsberg
Imperial mercenary leader known as the ‘Father of the Landsknechts’ in 16th-century Germany.
Gerolamo Cardano
Italian Renaissance polymath who made foundational contributions to algebra, medicine, and probability.
Guru Ram Das
Fourth Sikh Guru who founded the city of Amritsar and composed hymns central to Sikh scripture.
William Adams
English navigator who became the first Westerner to reach Japan and served the shogunate.
Deaths
Pope Liberius served as Bishop of Rome from 352 to 366. He is remembered for his defense of Nicene faith during the Arian controversy and his exile under Emperor Constantius II.
Pepin the Short
Pepin the Short was King of the Franks from 751 to 768 and the first ruler of the Carolingian dynasty. He was the father of Charlemagne and secured papal support to legitimize his rule.
Gao Pian
Gao Pian was a Chinese general and governor during the late Tang Dynasty known for his campaigns against rebellions. He gained fame for defending eastern provinces from agrarian uprisings.
Hermann of Reichenau
Hermann of Reichenau was an 11th-century German monk who excelled as a composer, mathematician, and astronomer.
Welf II
Welf II was Duke of Bavaria from 1101 until his death in 1120 and a member of the influential Welf dynasty. He is remembered for his conflicts with Emperor Henry V and his role in imperial politics.
Agnes of Germany, daughter of Emperor Henry IV, served as Holy Roman Empress and regent in the early 12th century.
Pope Innocent II led the Catholic Church from 1130 to 1143, overcoming an antipope and presiding over major church reforms. His papacy reaffirmed ecclesiastical authority and convened the Second Lateran Council.
Manuel I Komnenos
Manuel I Komnenos was Byzantine emperor from 1143 to 1180, known for his ambitious military campaigns and cultural patronage.
Robert of Knaresborough was an English hermit and saint who lived as a recluse by the River Nidd in the early 13th century.