275day.year
For the last time, the Roman Senate chooses an emperor; they elect 75-year-old Marcus Claudius Tacitus.
In 275, after the death of Emperor Aurelian, the Roman Senate held its final vote to elect Marcus Claudius Tacitus as emperor.
In 275, after the death of Emperor Aurelian, the Roman Senate held its final vote to elect Marcus Claudius Tacitus as emperor. Tacitus, a seasoned statesman aged 75, was chosen in an attempt to restore senatorial influence over imperial succession. His election marked the last time this ancient institution directly shaped Rome's leadership. Despite his reputation for integrity, Tacitus's reign lasted only six months amid political turmoil and military pressures. Historians view his short tenure as symbolic of the Senate's fading power and the growing dominance of the army in imperial affairs.
275
Marcus Claudius Tacitus
1237day.year
England and Scotland sign the Treaty of York, establishing the location of their common border.
In 1237, England and Scotland formalized their border with the signing of the Treaty of York.
On September 25, 1237, King Henry III of England and King Alexander II of Scotland ratified the Treaty of York, establishing a defined boundary between the two kingdoms. The agreement resolved longstanding territorial disputes and helped stabilize relations along the Anglo-Scottish frontier. By delineating borders from the Solway Firth to the River Tweed, the treaty provided clarity for both English and Scottish nobles. It remained largely unaltered for centuries, influencing future diplomacy and conflicts. Historians regard the Treaty of York as a milestone in medieval British statecraft.
1237
Treaty of York
1555day.year
The Peace of Augsburg is signed by Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League.
In 1555, the Peace of Augsburg was signed, granting legal recognition to Lutheranism within the Holy Roman Empire.
On September 25, 1555, Emperor Charles V and the princes of the Schmalkaldic League signed the Peace of Augsburg, bringing an end to religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. The agreement introduced the principle of cuius regio, eius religio, allowing rulers to choose either Lutheranism or Catholicism for their territories. While it established a temporary religious settlement, it excluded other Protestant faiths such as Calvinism. The Peace of Augsburg represented a landmark in the history of religious tolerance and state sovereignty. Its legacy influenced future treaties and laid groundwork for the modern concept of religious freedom.
1555
Peace of Augsburg
1768day.year
Unification of Nepal
In 1768, Prithvi Narayan Shah completed his conquest and unified Nepal under the Shah dynasty.
On September 25, 1768, King Prithvi Narayan Shah triumphantly entered Kathmandu, marking the culmination of his campaign to unify numerous principalities into a single Nepali state. His strategic conquests and diplomatic alliances over preceding years had gradually brought valley kingdoms under his authority. The unification laid the foundation for modern Nepal, consolidating diverse ethnic groups and languages under centralized rule. Prithvi Narayan Shah's vision emphasized autonomy from British colonial influence and promoted self-reliance. His legacy endures as the architect of Nepal's national identity and territorial integrity.
1768
Unification of Nepal
1789day.year
The United States Congress passes twelve constitutional amendments: the ten known as the Bill of Rights, the (unratified) Congressional Apportionment Amendment, and the Congressional Compensation Amendment.
Congress approves twelve amendments, including the ten that become the Bill of Rights, enshrining fundamental freedoms.
On September 25, 1789, the United States Congress passed twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution. Ten of these amendments were ratified by the states and became known collectively as the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing freedoms such as speech, religion, and assembly. One amendment addressing congressional apportionment and another on compensation for members of Congress remained unratified for years. The Bill of Rights emerged from intense debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the balance of power and individual liberties. It established a cornerstone for American democracy and has influenced constitutional frameworks worldwide. These amendments have since served as enduring symbols of citizens' legal protections against government overreach.
1789
Bill of Rights
Congressional Apportionment Amendment
Congressional Compensation Amendment
1926day.year
The international Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery is first signed.
On September 25, 1926, the League of Nations opened the Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery for signature, the first international treaty targeting all forms of slavery.
Drafted in Geneva under the auspices of the League of Nations, the convention required member states to prohibit all forms of slave trading and servitude. It mandated criminalization of forced labor, domestic bondage, and trafficking in human beings. The treaty established the Permanent Central Slave-Trade Commission to monitor and report on compliance worldwide. Although only a few countries signed initially, it laid the groundwork for future United Nations conventions on human rights. Over subsequent decades, more nations acceded and enforcement mechanisms were strengthened. The convention marked a significant milestone in global efforts to eradicate slavery.
1926
Convention to Suppress the Slave Trade and Slavery
1955day.year
The Royal Jordanian Air Force is founded.
On September 25, 1955, the Royal Jordanian Air Force was officially established, laying the foundation for Jordan's modern aerial defense.
Created with the support of British military advisors, the Royal Jordanian Air Force began operations with a small fleet of Hawker Hunter jets and transport aircraft. Its formation reflected Jordan's strategic imperative to secure its airspace amid regional tensions following the 1948 Arab-Israeli conflict. Early efforts focused on pilot training, aircraft maintenance, and establishing an air defense network. Over the decades, the RJAF expanded its inventory to include advanced combat aircraft, helicopters, and reconnaissance planes. The force played crucial roles in subsequent regional conflicts and multinational peacekeeping operations. Today, the RJAF is recognized as a professional and capable air arm in the Middle East.
1955
Royal Jordanian Air Force
1959day.year
Solomon Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, is mortally wounded by a Buddhist monk, Talduwe Somarama, and dies the next day.
On September 25, 1959, Sri Lankan Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike was shot by Buddhist monk Talduwe Somarama, an assassination that shocked the nation.
Bandaranaike, known for nationalist and socialist reforms, was gunned down while walking to a public ceremony at his residence. The assailant, monk Talduwe Somarama, objected to the Prime Minister's policies on language and education. Bandaranaike initially survived the attack but succumbed to his wounds the following day, triggering national mourning. His widow, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, later became the world's first female prime minister, continuing his political legacy. The assassination exposed deep tensions between tradition and modernization in post-independence Sri Lanka. It marked a turning point in the island's political history and underscored the volatility of its young democracy.
1959
Solomon Bandaranaike
Talduwe Somorama
1962day.year
The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria is formally proclaimed. Ferhat Abbas is elected President of the provisional government.
On September 25, 1962, Algeria proclaimed the People's Democratic Republic and elected Ferhat Abbas as president of its provisional government, marking its emergence as a sovereign state.
Following an eight-year war of independence against France, Algeria achieved de jure recognition in August 1962. The Provisional Government convened in Algiers and officially declared the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. Ferhat Abbas, a respected nationalist leader, was chosen to lead the transitional government tasked with reconstruction and nation-building. The proclamation unified diverse political factions under the National Liberation Front, setting a course for post-colonial governance. It established foundational principles of sovereignty, socialism, and non-alignment in international affairs. The event laid the groundwork for Algeria's political institutions and its influential role in the Third World movement.
1962
Ferhat Abbas
1963day.year
Lord Denning releases the UK government's official report on the Profumo affair.
Lord Denning publishes the inquiry report into the Profumo scandal, exposing high-level political controversy.
In September 1963, Lord Denning delivered his official findings on the Profumo affair to the UK government.
The scandal involved Secretary of State for War John Profumo’s secret relationship with Christine Keeler.
Concerns arose over national security when Keeler’s partner was linked to a Soviet naval attaché.
Denning’s report detailed failures in ministerial conduct and breakdowns in government oversight.
Its publication triggered widespread public outrage and accelerated Prime Minister Harold Macmillan’s resignation.
The inquiry became a turning point in British political accountability and media scrutiny.
1963
Lord Denning
Profumo affair
1969day.year
The charter establishing the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation is signed.
Member states sign the founding charter of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation in Rabat.
On September 25, 1969, representatives from 25 Muslim-majority countries gathered in Rabat, Morocco.
They signed the charter creating the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC).
The OIC aimed to safeguard the political and religious rights of Muslims worldwide.
It provided a forum for collective diplomatic action on economic, cultural, and social issues.
Since its founding, the OIC has grown to become the world’s largest intergovernmental organization after the UN.
The charter laid the groundwork for ongoing collaboration among member states.
1969
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1981day.year
Belize joins the United Nations.
Belize is admitted as a member of the United Nations shortly after gaining independence.
On September 25, 1981, just days after its independence from Britain, Belize joined the United Nations as its 155th member.
Formerly British Honduras, the nation secured global recognition through UN admission.
Membership affirmed Belize’s sovereignty amid a lingering territorial claim by Guatemala.
The new country began participating in international discussions on development and human rights.
UN membership helped Belize access global aid, diplomatic support, and multilateral forums.
This step solidified its status on the world stage and fostered national development.
1981
Belize