1422day.year
After the brief Gollub War, the Teutonic Knights sign the Treaty of Melno with Poland and Lithuania.
The Treaty of Melno was signed in 1422, ending the Gollub War between the Teutonic Knights, Poland, and Lithuania.
After months of conflict in the Gollub War, representatives of the Teutonic Order met with Polish and Lithuanian envoys in Melno on 27 September 1422.
The treaty established firm borders, with the Prussian territories largely retained by the Order and the Baltic coast remaining under Polish-Lithuanian control.
This diplomatic agreement concluded the brief but intense Gollub War and brought stability to the region.
The treaty’s provisions endured for centuries, shaping relations and territorial claims in northeastern Europe.
It marked a rare moment of negotiated peace amid the era’s frequent military confrontations.
1422
Gollub War
Treaty of Melno
1540day.year
The Society of Jesus (Jesuits) receives its charter from Pope Paul III.
The Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits, received papal approval in 1540, founding a major Catholic order.
On 27 September 1540, Pope Paul III formally approved the charter for the Society of Jesus, granting it official status within the Catholic Church.
Founded by Ignatius of Loyola, the Jesuits committed themselves to education, missionary work, and the spiritual reform of the Church.
Their rigorous intellectual training and global missions would soon spread Catholicism to the Americas and Asia.
The order’s emphasis on schools and universities transformed education and scholarship throughout Europe.
From its first members, the Society of Jesus became a leading force in the Counter-Reformation and global engagement.
1540
Society of Jesus
Pope Paul III
1777day.year
American Revolution: Lancaster, Pennsylvania becomes the capital of the United States for one day after Congress evacuates Philadelphia.
During the American Revolution, Lancaster briefly served as the capital of the United States on 27 September 1777.
Facing the British advance on Philadelphia, the Continental Congress evacuated to Lancaster, Pennsylvania on 27 September 1777.
For a single day, Lancaster held the highest offices of the nascent American government.
This temporary move reflected the urgency and mobility required to sustain the Revolution.
Congress would soon relocate across the Susquehanna River to York before returning to Philadelphia.
Lancaster’s brief role underscored the challenges of establishing a secure national capital amid war.
1777
Lancaster, Pennsylvania
1791day.year
The National Assembly of France votes to award full citizenship to Jews.
France’s National Assembly granted full citizenship to Jews on 27 September 1791, advancing civil rights during the Revolution.
On 27 September 1791, the revolutionary French National Assembly passed a decree extending full citizenship rights to Jewish communities throughout France.
This landmark decision abolished longstanding restrictions and permitted Jews to participate fully in civic, economic, and political life.
It stood as one of the first modern affirmations of religious equality in Europe.
Despite later upheavals, the 1791 decree laid the foundation for Jewish emancipation and broader civil rights movements.
The act reflected Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity.
1791
Jews
1916day.year
Iyasu V is proclaimed deposed as ruler of Ethiopia in a palace coup in favor of his aunt Zewditu.
Ethiopian Emperor Iyasu V is deposed in a palace coup.
His removal paves the way for Empress Zewditu's reign.
On September 27, 1916, Emperor Iyasu V of Ethiopia was declared deposed by the pro-monarchy nobility.
Accused of religious and political provocations, Iyasu was replaced by his aunt, Zewditu, in a palace coup.
The change reflected tensions between modernist reforms and traditional Ethiopian Orthodox Church powers.
Empress Zewditu’s reign would bring stability while conservative factions regained influence.
The event shaped Ethiopia’s monarchy and set the stage for future conflicts over modernization.
1916
Iyasu V
Zewditu
1922day.year
King Constantine I of Greece abdicates his throne in favor of his eldest son, George II.
King Constantine I abdicates the Greek throne in favor of his son, George II.
The abdication alters Greece’s monarchy during turbulent post-war politics.
In 1922, amid political turmoil following the Greco-Turkish War, King Constantine I of Greece relinquished his throne.
Pressure from Allied powers and domestic opposition led to his abdication in favor of his son, George II.
The move aimed to restore national unity and address military and diplomatic failures.
George II’s reign would face challenges in rebuilding Greece and managing foreign relations.
Constantine’s abdication marked a critical junction in modern Greek political history.
1922
Constantine I of Greece
George II
1928day.year
The Republic of China is recognized by the United States.
The United States formally recognizes the Republic of China.
This diplomatic milestone shapes U.S.-China relations in the interwar period.
On September 27, 1928, the U.S. government officially recognized the Republic of China led by the Nationalist government.
The decision strengthened diplomatic ties after years of civil unrest and warlord conflicts in China.
Recognition facilitated American support for economic development and military cooperation.
It also influenced regional balance of power amid Japanese expansionism in East Asia.
The move laid groundwork for later alliances during World War II and the Chinese Civil War.
1928
Republic of China
1949day.year
Zeng Liansong's design is chosen as the flag of the People's Republic of China.
Zeng Liansong’s design was chosen as the national flag for the People’s Republic of China on the eve of its founding.
On 27 September 1949, a national design competition in Beijing selected Zeng Liansong’s proposal as the official flag of the People’s Republic of China. His design featured one large star and four smaller stars on a red background, symbolizing the unity of the Chinese people under Communist Party leadership. Chosen from over 3,000 entries, the flag was first hoisted publicly on National Day, 1 October 1949. The red field represents revolution and sacrifice, while the stars signify the Party and the four social classes. Its simple yet powerful imagery has become one of the world’s most recognizable national symbols. Today, it flies at government buildings, schools, and during major national celebrations.
1949
Zeng Liansong
1962day.year
The Yemen Arab Republic is established.
The Yemen Arab Republic was proclaimed, ending the Imamate and initiating major political change in North Yemen.
On 27 September 1962, military officers in North Yemen led by Abdullah al-Sallal overthrew the ruling Imam and declared the Yemen Arab Republic. This revolution ended centuries of Zaydi Imamate rule and aligned the new state with Arab nationalist movements. The coup triggered the North Yemen Civil War, drawing in regional powers such as Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Royalist forces loyal to the Imam resisted for years, prolonging conflict and influencing Cold War geopolitics in the Middle East. The establishment of the republic marked a shift toward modernization and republican governance. Its legacy continues to shape Yemen’s political landscape to this day.
1962
Yemen Arab Republic
1975day.year
The last use of capital punishment in Spain sparks worldwide protests.
Spain carries out its last execution, sparking global protests and marking the end of capital punishment under Franco's regime.
On September 27, 1975, Spain executed two convicted criminals by garrote, the final use of capital punishment under Francisco Franco.
The executions ignited worldwide condemnation, with protests erupting across Europe and the Americas.
Human rights organizations decried the act as a symbol of authoritarian repression.
Following Franco's death in November 1975, Spain entered a democratic transition and abolished the death penalty in its 1978 constitution.
The last execution remains a pivotal moment in Spain's journey toward democracy and human rights.
It serves as a reminder of the power of international solidarity in ending state-sponsored violence.
1975
last use of capital punishment in Spain
1988day.year
The National League for Democracy is formed by Aung San Suu Kyi and others to fight dictatorship in Myanmar.
Aung San Suu Kyi co-founds Myanmar's National League for Democracy, uniting pro-democracy forces against military rule.
On September 27, 1988, Nobel laureate Aung San Suu Kyi and fellow activists established the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Myanmar.
Formed in the aftermath of the 8888 Uprising, the NLD aimed to restore democratic governance and human rights.
The party rapidly gained popular support, championing nonviolent resistance to the ruling military junta.
In the 1990 general election, the NLD won a landslide victory but was denied power by the authorities.
Aung San Suu Kyi endured years of house arrest, becoming a global symbol of peaceful protest.
The NLD's formation laid the groundwork for Myanmar's eventual democratic reforms two decades later.
1988
National League for Democracy
Aung San Suu Kyi
1992day.year
Palestinian prisoners went on a 15-day hunger strike.
Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails begin a 15-day hunger strike to protest detention conditions and demand political recognition.
On September 27, 1992, dozens of Palestinian political prisoners in Israeli detention centers initiated a 15-day hunger strike.
The inmates demanded an end to administrative detention without trial and improved living conditions.
Their collective action drew international attention to the plight of Palestinian detainees.
Support rallies and solidarity actions were organized in the West Bank, Gaza, and abroad.
Although the hunger strike ended without full concessions, it highlighted human rights concerns in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
The protest influenced later dialogues on prisoner exchanges and legal reforms.
1992
Palestinian prisoners
a 15-day hunger strike