September 29

Mars Rafikov was born in 1933 in Almazovo, Russia, and graduated as a fighter pilot in the Soviet Air Force. He was selected in 1960 as part of the first group of Soviet cosmonauts preparing for Vostok missions during the Space Race. Rafikov underwent rigorous training in flight and spacecraft systems, contributing to early Soviet space exploration efforts. Although he never flew in space, his work helped shape cosmonaut selection and training protocols. After leaving the program, he returned to service as a test pilot, engaging in advanced aviation research. Rafikov passed away in 2000, remembered as a pioneer of the Soviet space program.

Ann Bancroft is an American teacher, author, and polar explorer. In 1991, she became the first woman to set foot on the North Pole during a dogsled expedition across the Arctic ice. The following year, Bancroft led the first all-woman team to the South Pole, demonstrating exceptional endurance and leadership. She has written books for adults and children that recount her adventures and inspire exploration. Bancroft also co-founded the Ann Bancroft Foundation, which supports educational programs for young women.