September 30
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Agricultural Reform (Nationalization) Day(São Tomé and Príncipe)
Holiday marking the nationalization of agricultural estates in São Tomé and Príncipe following independence.
Birth of Morelos(Mexico)
Commemorates the birth of Mexican independence leader José María Morelos y Pavón in 1765.
Blasphemy Day, educates individuals and groups about blasphemy laws and defends freedom of expression
An annual observance raising awareness of blasphemy laws and defending freedom of expression worldwide.
Boy's Day(Poland)
In Poland, Boy's Day is a playful celebration where boys receive small gifts and tokens of appreciation from friends and family.
Christianfeast day:
Gregory the Illuminator, Honorius of Canterbury, Jerome, September 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Liturgical feast honoring Saints Gregory the Illuminator, Honorius of Canterbury, and Jerome in various Christian traditions.
Independence Day (Botswana)orBotswana Day, celebrates the independence ofBotswanafrom United Kingdom in 1966.
Celebrates Botswana's independence from the United Kingdom, achieved on September 30, 1966.
International Translation Day(International Federation of Translators)
Annual celebration recognizing translators and the vital role of translation in global communication.
National Day for Truth and Reconciliationor Orange Shirt Day (Canada)
Canadian observance honoring survivors and victims of residential schools, promoting awareness and reconciliation.
Gregory the Illuminator
Feast day of Saint Gregory the Illuminator, patron saint of the Armenian Apostolic Church.
Events
The Ostrogoths under Theoderic the Great defeat the forces of Odoacer for the second time.
In 489, Theoderic the Great's Ostrogoths defeated Odoacer's forces for a second time, consolidating Gothic rule in Italy.
The Turgesh drive back an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal, follow them south of the Oxus, and capture their baggage train.
The Turgesh repelled an Umayyad invasion of Khuttal in 737, pursued them across the Oxus River and captured their baggage train.
A magnitude 7.7 earthquake strikes the Caucasus mountains in the Seljuk Empire, causing mass destruction and killing up to 300,000 people.
A powerful magnitude 7.7 earthquake hit the Caucasus in 1139, causing widespread devastation and killing up to 300,000 people.
Battle of Morlaix in the Hundred Years' War
The 1342 Battle of Morlaix saw English and French forces clash in Brittany during the Hundred Years' War, highlighting tactical ingenuity on both sides.
Henry IV is proclaimed king of England.
Henry Bolingbroke seized the English crown in 1399, becoming Henry IV and ushering in the Lancastrian era.
Suleiman the Magnificent is proclaimed sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Suleiman the Magnificent became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire in 1520, initiating a golden age of expansion and reform.
Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto and his forces enter Tula territory in present-day western Arkansas, encountering fierce resistance.
Hernando de Soto's expedition reached the Tula lands in 1541, facing strong Native American resistance in what is now Arkansas.
A coup by the military establishment of Japan's Ōuchi clan forces their lord to commit suicide, and their city is burned.
The Ōuchi clan's military leaders carried out a coup in 1551, compelling their lord to commit suicide and burning his city in feudal Japan.
The Lebanese Council of 1736 begins, a major turning point in the reform of the Maronite Church. In the following three days, the assembled Maronite and Latin clergy presided by Yusuf ibn Siman as-Simani discuss various reforms and elaborate rules and canons.
The 1736 Lebanese Council gathered Maronite and Latin clergy to implement major reforms, codifying canons for the Maronite Church.
Births
Rumi
13th-century Persian poet and Sufi mystic whose spiritual poetry continues to inspire readers worldwide.
Head of the Catholic Church from 1288 to 1292, known for his diplomatic efforts and ecclesiastical reforms.
Girolamo Mercuriale
Italian Renaissance philologist and physician whose work laid the foundations for modern sports medicine.
Michael Maestlin
German astronomer and mathematician who was an early proponent of Copernican heliocentrism.
Johann Sebastiani
German Baroque composer celebrated for his expressive sacred choral and instrumental works.
Jacques Aubert
French Baroque violinist and composer known for his virtuosic concertos and chamber music.
Stanisław Konarski
Polish Piarist monk, educator, and Enlightenment writer who reformed the Commonwealth's education system.
John Russell
English aristocrat and political leader who served as Lord President of the Council in the 18th century.
Étienne Bonnot de Condillac
French Enlightenment philosopher and epistemologist known for his theory of sensationalism.
Deaths
Jerome
Christian priest and biblical scholar best known for his Latin translation of the Bible.
Honorius of Canterbury
Italian-born archbishop of Canterbury who helped organize the early English church.
Fan Yanguang
5th-century Chinese general active during the turbulent Five Dynasties period.
King of West Francia who reigned from 936 until his death in 954.
Anselm IV
Italian archbishop who led the church in the early 12th century.
Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal who ruled in the early 13th century.
Leszek II the Black
13th-century Polish prince and Duke of Kraków and other principalities.
Adelaide of Vianden
German countess of Vianden renowned for her noble lineage and patronage.
Reginald Grey
3rd Baron Grey de Ruthyn, a Welsh nobleman who served as both soldier and statesman.