October 02
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Batik Day(Indonesia)
Batik Day celebrates the traditional Indonesian textile art of batik, showcasing its rich cultural heritage and intricate craftsmanship.
Christianfeast day:
Denha I of Tikrit(Syriac Orthodox Church), Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels, Leodegar, October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A collection of Christian feast days observed by Syriac Orthodox and Eastern Orthodox traditions on October 2.
Gandhi's birthday-related observances:
Gandhi Jayanti(India), International Day of Non-Violence
Observances marking Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary in India and promoting non-violence worldwide.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence ofGuineafrom France in 1958
Guinea marks its independence from France, achieved on October 2, 1958.
National Grandparents Day (Italy)
Italy celebrates grandparents, honoring their role in families and society.
Denha I of Tikrit(Syriac Orthodox Church)
Feast day honoring Denha I of Tikrit, esteemed 8th-century Syriac Orthodox Patriarch.
Memorial of the Holy Guardian Angels
Catholic feast day celebrating guardian angels believed to protect individuals throughout their lives.
Leodegar
Commemoration of Saint Leodegar, 7th-century Bishop of Autun and martyr.
October 2 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Various saints and feasts observed in the Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar on October 2.
Events
Theophilos succeeds his father Michael II as Byzantine Emperor.
In 829, Theophilos ascended the Byzantine throne upon his father Michael II's death, becoming emperor at a young age. His reign would later be marked by military campaigns and religious controversy.
Battle of Andernach: Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, crushes a rebellion against his rule, by a coalition of Eberhard of Franconia and other Frankish dukes.
In 939, Emperor Otto I decisively defeated a coalition of rebellious Frankish dukes at the Battle of Andernach, quelling a major uprising. This victory solidified his authority within the early Holy Roman Empire.
The Battle of Largs is fought between Norwegians and Scots.
In 1263, Scottish forces clashed with a Norwegian expedition at the Battle of Largs on the Firth of Clyde. The engagement curtailed Norway’s influence over the western Scottish isles.
The Earl of Warwick's rebellion forces King Edward IV of England to flee to the Netherlands, restoring Henry VI to the throne.
In 1470, Richard Neville, the Earl of Warwick, rebelled against Edward IV, forcing the king into exile. This upheaval briefly restored Henry VI during the Wars of the Roses.
Russo-Kazan Wars: Russian troops enter Kazan.
On October 2, 1552, Russian forces under Tsar Ivan IV entered the Tatar city of Kazan after a protracted siege. This conquest marked a decisive moment in Russia’s eastward expansion.
The Nottingham Cheese Riot breaks out at the Goose Fair in Nottingham, UK, in response to the excessive cost of cheese.
In 1766, rioters at Nottingham’s Goose Fair turned on high-priced cheese, smashing and seizing wheels in protest. The Nottingham Cheese Riot became an early example of consumer unrest.
American Revolutionary War: John André, a British Army officer, is hanged as a spy by the Continental Army.
On October 2, 1780, British Major John André was executed by the Continental Army as a spy for conspiring with Benedict Arnold. His hanging became a poignant episode of the American Revolutionary War.
The United States Bill of Rights is sent to the various States for ratification.
On October 2, 1789, the U.S. Congress transmitted the proposed Bill of Rights to the states for ratification. These ten amendments would guarantee fundamental freedoms to American citizens.
Texas Revolution: Mexican troops attempt to disarm the people of Gonzales, but encounter stiff resistance from a hastily assembled militia.
On October 2, 1835, Texian settlers resisted Mexican troops' attempt to seize a cannon at Gonzales, igniting the Texas Revolution. The skirmish became known as the 'Come and Take It' battle.
Births
Richard III was King of England from 1483 until his death at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485. He was the last monarch of the House of York, remembered for his disputed claim to the throne and his portrayal by Shakespeare.
Isabella of Aragon
Isabella of Aragon was the daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon. Through her marriage into the Portuguese royal family, she strengthened Iberian alliances during the era of exploration.
William Drury
William Drury was an English politician who served as a Member of Parliament and as Lord President of Munster in Ireland during the Tudor era.
Charles Borromeo
Charles Borromeo was an Italian cardinal and Archbishop of Milan who led major reforms during the Counter-Reformation. He is venerated as a saint for his dedication to clergy education and pastoral care.
Elizabeth Montagu
Elizabeth Montagu was an English social reformer and literary critic who hosted the celebrated Blue Stockings salons. She championed women's education and helped shape 18th-century intellectual society.
William Beresford
William Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, was a British general and politician best known for his leadership of Portuguese troops during the Peninsular War.
Charles Albert
Charles Albert was King of Sardinia from 1831 to 1849, best known for granting the Albertine Statute and supporting the early Risorgimento in Italy.
Nat Turner
Nat Turner was an African-American enslaved preacher who led a significant slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831. His uprising had a profound impact on the national debate over slavery.
James Agnew
James Agnew was an Irish-Australian politician who served briefly as Premier of Tasmania in 1886. He contributed to the colony's development through various ministerial roles.
Deaths
Athalaric
Athalaric became king of the Ostrogoths in Italy at a young age under the regency of his grandmother, Queen Amalasuntha. His brief reign was marked by efforts to resist Byzantine reconquest.
Michael II
Michael II was Byzantine emperor from 820 to 829 and founder of the Amorian dynasty. He restored stability after a period of revolt and external pressure.
Eberhard was the first Duke of Franconia who played a pivotal role in the consolidation of East Francia. He challenged royal authority before falling in battle against King Otto I.
Gilbert
Gilbert was Duke of Lorraine who resisted the centralizing efforts of King Otto I. His defeat and death at Andernach ended independent ducal rule in the region.
Pope Urban IV led the Catholic Church from 1261 to 1264 and established the feast of Corpus Christi. His papacy navigated complex political conflicts in Italy and the Crusader states.
Jacquet of Mantua
Jacquet of Mantua was a French-Italian Renaissance composer celebrated for his sacred motets and liturgical music. He served as maestro di cappella at the court of Mantua for nearly four decades.
Diego Sarmiento de Acuña
Diego Sarmiento de Acuña was a renowned Spanish diplomat and 1st Count of Gondomar who served as ambassador to England under James I. His diplomatic skill helped shape early 17th-century Anglo-Spanish relations.
Antonio Cifra
Antonio Cifra was an Italian Baroque composer known for his sacred madrigals, motets, and concerti. He served in prominent musical posts in Rome and Orvieto.
Pierre de Bérulle
Pierre de Bérulle was a French cardinal and leading theologian who founded the French Oratory. He was a central figure in Catholic reform during the early 17th century.