October 04
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Amun, Francis of Assisi, Petronius of Bologna, October 4 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A day on the Christian liturgical calendar honoring Saints Amun, Francis of Assisi, and Petronius of Bologna.
Cinnamon Roll Day(SwedenandFinland)
A Swedish and Finnish celebration of the beloved cinnamon roll, observed each October 4.
Day of Peace and Reconciliation(Mozambique)
Mozambique's national holiday honoring the end of its civil war and promoting unity.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence ofLesothofrom the United Kingdom in 1966.
Lesotho's Independence Day marking freedom from British colonial rule on October 4, 1966.
The beginning ofWorld Space Week(International)
The kickoff of World Space Week, an international event celebrating space achievements.
World Animal Day
An international day dedicated to animal welfare and rights, celebrated worldwide on October 4.
Amun
Feast day of Saint Amun, an Egyptian hermit and monastic founder.
Francis of Assisi
Feast day of Saint Francis of Assisi, patron saint of animals and ecology.
Petronius of Bologna
Feast day of Saint Petronius, the 5th-century bishop and patron of Bologna.
Events
Rebels sack the Chinese capital Chang'an during a peasant rebellion.
In AD 23, widespread peasant uprisings erupted and led to the sacking of Chang'an, signaling the fall of Wang Mang's Xin dynasty.
Otto IV is crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by Pope Innocent III.
In 1209, Otto IV received his imperial crown from Pope Innocent III, marking a key moment in papal-imperial relations.
The Byzantine–Venetian War comes to an end.
In 1302, peace was declared between Byzantium and Venice, concluding decades of maritime and commercial disputes.
Battle of Lake Poyang: In one of the largest naval battles in history, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebels defeat rival Chen Youliang.
In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang's rebel fleet achieved a decisive victory over Chen Youliang's forces at Lake Poyang, one of history's largest naval engagements.
Formation of the Holy League of Aragon, the Papal States and Venice against France.
In 1511, Aragon, the Papal States, and Venice formed the Holy League to counter French ambitions in Italy during the Italian Wars.
The Coverdale Bible is printed, with translations into English by William Tyndale and Myles Coverdale.
In 1535, Myles Coverdale published the first complete English Bible, combining translations by William Tyndale and his own work.
The Gregorian Calendar is introduced by Pope Gregory XIII.
In 1582, Pope Gregory XIII promulgated the Gregorian Calendar, correcting the Julian system and standardizing dates across Catholic Europe.
Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço begins to suppress a native uprising against his rule in what is now the US state of Georgia.
In 1597, Spanish Governor Gonzalo Méndez de Canço led forces to suppress a native uprising in the region of present-day coastal Georgia, reinforcing colonial control.
Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War: A fleet of Spanish galleys are defeated by English and Dutch galleons in the English Channel.
In 1602, during the Eighty Years' War and the Anglo-Spanish War, English and Dutch galleons defeated a Spanish galley fleet in the English Channel, showcasing new naval tactics.
Births
Alys
Medieval French countess and daughter of King Louis VII of France.
Rudolf I
Duke of Bavaria and member of the Wittelsbach dynasty.
Queen consort of Germany as the wife of Emperor Henry VII.
King of France, known as 'the Quarreler', who ruled in the early 14th century.
James Butler
2nd Earl of Ormond, Irish nobleman who served as Lord Justice of Ireland.
King of Castile and León who enacted administrative and military reforms.
Francis Bigod
English nobleman and rebel leader during the Tudor period.
Lucas Cranach the Younger
German Renaissance painter known for portraits and religious artworks.
Gabriele Paleotti
Italian cardinal and Counter-Reformation art theorist.
Deaths
Yazid III
Umayyad caliph known for his brief reign in 744 and efforts to address governance issues.
Turpio
Frankish nobleman active in the mid-9th century under the Carolingian Empire.
Prince of Novgorod from 1034 to 1052 and member of the Rurikid dynasty.
Constance of Castile
Queen consort of France as the wife of King Louis VII from 1154 until her death in 1160.
Gerard de Ridefort
Grand Master of the Knights Templar who led the order during key battles of the Third Crusade.
William IV Talvas
Count of Ponthieu who governed a key territory in northern France during the early 13th century.
Almohad caliph who ruled Morocco and parts of Iberia during the early 13th century.
Herman VI
German nobleman and Margrave of Baden who played a role in 13th-century dynastic politics.
The 90th Emperor of Japan, reigning from 1259 to 1274 during the Kamakura period.