October 08
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Evodus (or Yves), Palatias and Laurentia, Pelagia(Eastern OrthodoxandRoman CatholicChurches), Reparata, San Ernesto,Che Guevaraas a folk saint. (Boliviancampesinos), Simeon (Gospel of Luke), Thaïs, William Dwight Porter BlissandRichard T. Ely(Episcopal Church), October 8 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A collective feast day commemorating various saints and figures in Christian traditions. It is observed on October 8 by multiple denominations.
World Space Week(October 4–10)
An annual celebration of space science and technology observed globally from October 4 to 10.
Air Force Day(India)
A national observance honoring the founding of the Indian Air Force on October 8 each year.
Arbor Day(Namibia)
A day dedicated to tree planting and environmental conservation observed in Namibia on October 8.
Children's Day(Iran)
An annual celebration honoring the rights and well-being of children in Iran on October 8.
Navy Day(Peru)
A national holiday commemorating the Peruvian Navy’s victory at the Battle of Angamos on October 8.
International Lesbian Day
A day to celebrate and raise awareness of lesbian culture and community observed internationally on October 8.
NationalFluffernutterDay
A lighthearted celebration of the Fluffernutter sandwich, featuring peanut butter and marshmallow fluff, observed in the United States on October 8.
Evodus (or Yves)
Feast day honoring Saint Evodus, an early Christian bishop and martyr, observed on October 8.
Events
Constantine I defeats Roman Emperor Licinius, who loses his European territories.
In 316, Constantine I secured a decisive victory over Licinius, ending his rival’s control of European territories.
The first session of the Council of Chalcedon begins.
Clerical leaders met in 451 at Chalcedon to resolve theological disputes and define key doctrines of Christianity.
Frankish forces led by Louis the Younger prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat emperor Charles II ("the Bald").
In 876, Louis the Younger led East Frankish troops to thwart a West Frankish invasion and defeat Emperor Charles II the Bald.
Dmitar Zvonimir is crowned King of Croatia.
In 1075, Dmitar Zvonimir was crowned King of Croatia, heralding a period of strengthened royal authority.
Isabella of Angoulême is crowned Queen consort of England.
In 1200, Isabella of Angoulême wed King John and was crowned Queen consort of England, shaping Anglo-French politics.
Mladen II Šubić of Bribir is deposed as the Croatian Ban after the Battle of Bliska.
In 1322, Mladen II Šubić was deposed as Ban of Croatia following his defeat at the Battle of Bliska.
The Great Stand on the Ugra River puts an end to Tatar rule over Moscow
In 1480, Muscovite forces under Ivan III faced the Golden Horde at the Ugra River, ending centuries of Tatar dominance.
End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War.
On October 8, 1573, Dutch forces lifted the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, securing their first major victory in the Eighty Years’ War.
Jeanne Mance opens the first lay hospital of North America in Montreal.
In 1645, Jeanne Mance established the first civilian hospital in North America, the Hôtel-Dieu de Montréal.
Births
Ancient Greek king of Epirus and renowned military commander, famous for his costly victories against Rome.
Narapatisithu
Burma's King Narapatisithu oversaw the Pagan Empire at its zenith, known for his extensive temple construction and administrative reforms.
Margaret Douglas
Scottish noblewoman and royal cousin, Margaret Douglas played a pivotal role in Tudor succession politics.
Giulio Caccini
Italian composer and singer, Giulio Caccini was a pioneer of early Baroque monody and opera.
Jacques Auguste de Thou
French historian and statesman Jacques Auguste de Thou authored the monumental 'History of His Own Time.'
Heinrich Schütz
German composer and organist Heinrich Schütz was a foundational figure of early Baroque music in Germany.
John Clarke
English physician John Clarke co-founded the Rhode Island Colony and championed religious freedom.
Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro
Spanish Benedictine monk Benito Feijóo was a key proponent of the Enlightenment in Spain.
Yechezkel Landau
Polish rabbi and legal scholar Yechezkel Landau authored the influential responsa collection 'Noda BiYehuda.'
Deaths
Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
The fifth Umayyad caliph who ruled the Islamic world from 685 to 705 and introduced key administrative reforms.
Pilgrim I
An influential archbishop of Salzburg who championed church reform and missionary work among the Slavic peoples.
Xiao Sagezhi
Empress consort of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty who played a pivotal role in court politics.
Helen of Zadar
Queen consort and regent of medieval Croatia known for strengthening the realm through diplomacy and piety.
A Piast princess of Greater Poland who witnessed the dynastic and political shifts of 13th-century Central Europe.
John I
Duke of Brittany known as 'John the Red' who governed his duchy through strategic alliances and cultural patronage.
Emperor Fushimi of Japan
The 92nd emperor of Japan who reigned during the late Kamakura period and influenced imperial succession struggles.
Cola di Rienzo
A charismatic Roman tribune who sought to revive the glory of ancient Rome in the 14th century.
John Beauchamp
An English nobleman who held the title of 3rd Baron Beauchamp and served the crown during the mid-14th century.