October 12

Nichiren Shōshū emerged in 1279 as a distinct branch of Nichiren Buddhism, founded on the belief that the Lotus Sutra contains the ultimate teaching of the Buddha. Its adherents follow the teachings of the 13th-century monk Nichiren, who emphasized faith in the daimoku chant "Namu Myōhō Renge Kyō". This branch developed unique liturgical practices and established head temples in the Kamakura period. Over the centuries, Nichiren Shōshū attracted a devoted following and played a significant role in the religious landscape of medieval Japan. The movement’s emphasis on personal devotion and social harmony continues to influence Buddhist practice today.

Emperor Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran hosted a grand festival beginning on October 12, 1971, to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Persian Empire by Cyrus the Great. The event took place in the ancient ruins of Persepolis and showcased opulent ceremonies, international dignitaries, and cultural performances. Delegations from around the world attended banquets featuring Persian art, music, and historical pageantry. The celebrations were intended to legitimize the Pahlavi dynasty and promote Iran's pre-Islamic heritage. Despite its splendor, the festival drew criticism for its expense amid growing domestic unrest. Many historians view the anniversary as a turning point that highlighted socio-economic disparities and fueled opposition leading to the 1979 Iranian Revolution.