October 15

Lucretius was a Roman poet and philosopher born in 99 BC. He is best known for his didactic poem 'De Rerum Natura' which explores Epicurean philosophy. His work introduced Roman readers to atomistic theory and naturalistic explanations of the world. He combined poetic artistry with scientific inquiry, influencing later thinkers during the Renaissance. Little is known about his life, but his writings left a lasting legacy in both literature and philosophy.

Born in 1844 in Röcken, Prussia, Friedrich Nietzsche was a classical philologist turned revolutionary thinker. As a professor at the University of Basel, he challenged conventional morality and religion in works like "Beyond Good and Evil." He introduced the concepts of the "will to power" and "eternal recurrence," influencing existentialism and postmodernism. Nietzsche also composed music and wrote poetry, reflecting his multifaceted creativity. After a mental collapse in 1889, he spent his final years under care before dying in 1900, leaving an enduring philosophical legacy.

Born in Zamora, Spain, Calvo studied classical philology and philosophy at the Complutense University of Madrid. He became a professor of classical philology and later taught political theory. Calvo’s philosophical writings challenged conventional linguistics and modern ideologies. He published numerous collections of poetry that reflected his political activism. During the Franco era, he faced academic censure for his outspoken views on democracy. After Spain’s transition to democracy, he remained a vocal critic of institutional power. His work influenced the fields of semiotics, critical theory, and avant-garde literature. Calvo’s legacy endures through his published essays, poetry, and teachings.

Born in Poitiers, France, Foucault studied philosophy and psychology at the École Normale Supérieure. He held teaching positions at the University of Clermont-Ferrand and the University of Tunis. Foucault’s work examined the relationship between power, knowledge, and social institutions. He authored seminal works including 'Madness and Civilization', 'The Order of Things', and 'Discipline and Punish'. His multi-volume 'History of Sexuality' challenged perceptions of identity and authority. Foucault’s theories influenced a wide range of fields, from sociology to literary criticism. He pioneered concepts such as biopower, governmentality, and the archaeological method. Foucault’s insights continue to shape contemporary debates on rights, governance, and identity.

Born as Fereidoun M. Esfandiary in 1930, FM-2030 changed his name to reflect his belief in a future-oriented human identity. He played professional basketball in Belgium before embarking on a diplomatic career at the United Nations. As a philosopher and futurist, he authored books like 'Are You a Transhuman?' advocating for biotechnological enhancement and social transformation. FM-2030 predicted the erosion of national boundaries and the rise of a postgender world. He lectured widely on personal immortality, cryonics, and global governance reforms. His interdisciplinary work bridged sports, diplomacy, and speculative philosophy. Even after his death in 2000, his ideas continue to influence transhumanist movements and futurist scholars.