October 18
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Alaska Day(Alaska,United States)
Alaska Day commemorates the transfer of Alaska from Russia to the United States in 1867, celebrated annually with cultural events and ceremonies.
Christianfeast day:
Asclepiades of Antioch, Isaac Jogues, Luke the Evangelist, Peter of Alcantara,can also be celebrated on October 19., October 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A Christian feast day honoring Saints Asclepiades of Antioch, Isaac Jogues, Luke the Evangelist, and Peter of Alcantara on October 18 in various liturgical calendars.
Day of Restoration of Independence (Azerbaijan), celebrates the independence ofAzerbaijanfrom theSoviet Unionin 1991.
Celebrates the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence from the Soviet Union on October 18, 1991.
Necktie Day(Croatia)
Honors the 17th-century Croatian origin of the modern necktie and celebrates this iconic fashion accessory each October 18.
Persons Day(Canada)
Commemorates the 1929 Persons Case in Canada, which legally recognized women as "persons" under the law.
World Menopause Day
An international observance raising awareness of menopause and supporting women's health worldwide on October 18.
Asclepiades of Antioch
Commemorates Saint Asclepiades of Antioch, honoring his leadership and martyrdom in early Christian history.
Isaac Jogues
Honors Saint Isaac Jogues, a 17th-century French Jesuit missionary and martyr in North America.
Luke the Evangelist
Celebrates Saint Luke the Evangelist, author of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
Events
Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.
A royal exile and a tragic protest: Agrippina the Elder starves herself to death on Pandateria.
Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer (Almagest).
Greek mathematician Pappus observes a solar eclipse and pens commentary on Ptolemy's Almagest.
King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (Edictum Chlotacharii), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom.
King Chlothar II issues the Edict of Paris, protecting Frankish nobles' rights and excluding Jews from civil roles.
Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks.
Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks, beginning a reign marked by consolidation and cultural patronage.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock.
The Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim orders the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem razed to its foundations.
The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun.
Danish forces defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun, shifting power in early medieval England.
The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium.
The Normans crush Byzantine forces at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, threatening the empire's western frontier.
Michael the Syrian, one of the most important Syriac historians, is consecrated as Syriac Orthodox Patriarch at the Mor Bar Sauma Monastery.
Michael the Syrian is consecrated Syriac Orthodox Patriarch, later chronicling centuries of Middle Eastern history.
Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282).
Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon for usurping Sicily's crown, intensifying papal-imperial tensions.
Births
Emperor Go-Shirakawa (1127–1192) was the 77th emperor of Japan who reigned from 1155 to 1158 and later wielded power as a cloistered emperor.
Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (1130–1200) was a Chinese Neo-Confucian philosopher who systematized Confucian thought and became the most influential scholar of the Song dynasty.
Pope Pius II (1405–1464), born Enea Silvio Piccolomini, was an Italian humanist, diplomat, and the head of the Catholic Church from 1458 until his death.
John de Mowbray
John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk (1444–1476), was an English nobleman who held vast estates and played a role in the dynastic conflicts of the Wars of the Roses.
Philipp III
Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (1482–1538), governed a German county and oversaw regional reforms during the early Reformation.
Manuel da Nóbrega
Manuel da Nóbrega (1517–1570) was a Portuguese Jesuit priest who played a pioneering role in the evangelization and education of indigenous peoples in colonial Brazil.
Anna Jagiellon
Anna Jagiellon (1523–1596) was a Polish princess who became Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania, co-reigning with her husband, Stephen Báthory.
William Lambarde
William Lambarde (1536–1601) was an English antiquarian and legal scholar, best known for his county history of Kent and treatise on justices of the peace.
Justus Lipsius
Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) was a Flemish philologist and humanist scholar whose editions of classical texts and political writings shaped Renaissance thought.
Deaths
Lucius Aelius Sejanus
Powerful prefect of the Praetorian Guard under Emperor Tiberius who wielded immense influence in early Imperial Rome.
Emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty who presided over a period of relative stability and cultural flourishing in 4th-century China.
The head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Papal States during the early 8th century.
Abu'l-Saraya
Yemeni Zaydi leader who led a major revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate in the early 9th century.
King of Pamplona and Count of Castile who united much of northern Spain under his rule in the early 11th century.
Nikephoros Palaiologos
Byzantine general who defended the empire’s eastern frontiers during the reign of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.
Hugh I
Count of Vermandois and cousin of the French monarchy who joined the First Crusade in 1096.
Leopold
Duke of Bavaria who ruled during the volatile period of 12th-century Holy Roman Empire politics.
John de Gray
English bishop of Norwich and royal administrator who served under King John in the early 13th century.