October 19

Founded by Elector Rupert I in 1386, the University of Heidelberg held its inaugural lecture on October 19. It began with faculty in theology, philosophy, jurisprudence, and medicine, reflecting the medieval curriculum. Over the centuries, Heidelberg became a leading center for humanist thought and scientific research. It attracted scholars from across Europe and played a key role in the Protestant Reformation and Enlightenment. Today, it remains one of Germany’s most prestigious institutions, celebrated for its contributions to education and research. The university’s founding marks a milestone in the spread of higher learning on the European continent.

Martin Luther received his Doctor of Theology degree on October 19, 1512, marking his emergence as a leading scholar. His lectures on the Psalms and Romans drew attention for their rigorous scholarship and piety. Luther was appointed professor of theology, giving him a platform to challenge church practices. His academic credentials lent authority to his later critiques of indulgences and ecclesiastical corruption. Within five years, his 95 Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation, transforming Christianity in Europe. Luther’s doctorate symbolized the scholarly groundwork that underpinned his revolutionary ideas.