October 22
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Christianfeast day:
Abercius of Hieropolis, Cordula of Cologne, Donatus of Fiesole, Mellonius, Nunilo and Alodia, Pope John Paul II, October 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A day in the Eastern Orthodox Church that honors multiple saints and Pope John Paul II through liturgical commemorations.
International Stuttering Awareness Day
An international observance dedicated to raising awareness about stuttering and supporting individuals who stutter.
Jidai Matsuri(Kyoto,Japan)
An annual 'Festival of the Ages' in Kyoto, featuring a grand historical parade celebrating Japan’s imperial history and cultural heritage.
Abercius of Hieropolis
Feast day of Saint Abercius of Hieropolis, a 2nd-century missionary bishop celebrated for his piety and inscription.
Cordula of Cologne
Feast day of Saint Cordula of Cologne, one of the legendary Theban Legion martyrs venerated for her faith.
Donatus of Fiesole
Feast day of Saint Donatus of Fiesole, a 9th-century bishop and scholar who promoted monastic learning in Italy.
Mellonius
Feast day of Saint Mellonius, an early 4th-century bishop of Rouen credited with establishing the Christian community in Normandy.
Nunilo and Alodia
Feast day of Saints Nunilo and Alodia, two young sisters martyred for their Christian faith in 9th-century Spain.
Pope John Paul II
Feast day of Saint John Paul II, beloved pontiff who led the Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005.
Events
The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.
The Council of Chalcedon in 451 adopts the Chalcedonian Creed, defining Christ’s divine and human natures and shaping Christian orthodoxy.
Japanese Emperor Kanmu relocates his empire's capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).
Emperor Kanmu relocates Japan’s capital to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto) in 794, ushering in the Heian period.
Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.
In 906, Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh raids Byzantine territories, capturing thousands of civilians.
The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder.
The death of King Fernando in 1383 ends Portugal’s Burgundian male line and triggers a dynastic crisis and civil war.
The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.
Tsar Peter I proclaims the Russian Empire in 1721 after Russia’s victory in the Great Northern War.
J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele (Adorn yourself, O dear soul) in Leipzig on the 20th Sunday after Trinity, based on the communion hymn of the same name.
Johann Sebastian Bach premieres the cantata 'Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele' in Leipzig in 1724.
Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed in Russia.
Construction of Russia’s Ladoga Canal, completed in 1730, improves navigation between the Neva and Volkhov rivers.
The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira.
The War of Jenkins’ Ear begins in 1739 with a British attack on the Spanish port of La Guaira.
The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter.
The College of New Jersey, later Princeton University, receives its charter in 1746, establishing a leading colonial college.
Births
Qian Weijun
Second king of the Wuyue kingdom during China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
William IX
Duke of Aquitaine and one of the first known troubadours in medieval Europe.
Juntoku
Emperor of Japan from 1210 to 1221, deposed and exiled after the Jōkyū War.
Erasmus Reinhold
German astronomer and mathematician known for the Prutenic Tables and promoting Copernican astronomy.
Joachim Jungius
German mathematician and philosopher who advanced the scientific method and critiqued Aristotelian logic.
Gustav Horn
Count of Pori and Swedish Field Marshal who fought in the Thirty Years' War.
Georg Ernst Stahl
German chemist and physician who formulated the phlogiston theory and pioneered vitalism.
John V
King of Portugal known for his lavish patronage of the arts and expansion of the colonial empire.
Maria Amalia
Holy Roman Empress as wife of Emperor Charles VII and member of the Austrian Habsburg dynasty.
Deaths
Itzamnaaj K'awiil
Itzamnaaj K'awiil was a Maya ruler of Dos Pilas in the 8th century, noted for his military campaigns and political leadership.
Charles Martel
Charles Martel was a Frankish ruler and military commander, celebrated for his victory at the Battle of Tours that halted Islamic expansion into Western Europe.
Abo
Prince Abo was an imperial prince of the early Heian period in Japan, known for his courtly status and contributions to waka poetry.
Ferdinand I of Portugal
Ferdinand I was King of Portugal from 1367 to 1383, remembered for his struggles with Castile and for leaving no male heir.
James Douglas
James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton, was a 15th-century Scottish nobleman who influenced court politics and defended the northern borders of Scotland.
Jean Grolier de Servières
Jean Grolier was a prominent French bibliophile and collector whose Renaissance library became famous for its exquisite bindings and humanist works.
Domingo Báñez
Domingo Báñez was a Spanish Dominican theologian of the 16th century who shaped Thomistic thought and debates on free will and grace.
Kikkawa Hiroie
Kikkawa Hiroie was a Japanese feudal lord and military commander during the late Sengoku and early Edo periods, known for his shifting alliances.
Hermann Witsius
Hermann Witsius was a Dutch Reformed theologian and professor known for his efforts to reconcile church factions and develop covenant theology.