906day.year
Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.
In 906, Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh raids Byzantine territories, capturing thousands of civilians.
In 906, Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh, a leading general of the Abbasid Caliphate, led a bold raid against the Byzantine frontier. His forces penetrated deep into Anatolian provinces, targeting towns and fortifications. The campaign resulted in the seizure of four to five thousand Byzantine citizens, who were taken as prisoners. Such incursions were part of the ongoing Muslim–Byzantine border conflicts in the early tenth century. These raids weakened border defenses and disrupted local economies. Captives were often sold into slavery or ransomed back, fueling further cycles of violence. The raid exemplified the ebb and flow of power along the medieval Near Eastern frontier.
906
Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh
1383day.year
The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder.
The death of King Fernando in 1383 ends Portugal’s Burgundian male line and triggers a dynastic crisis and civil war.
In 1383, King Fernando I of Portugal died without a male heir, bringing the male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy to an end. His daughter Beatrice’s claim to the throne, tied to her marriage to the Castilian prince, provoked strong opposition among Portuguese nobles. Rival claimants, most notably John, Master of Avis, contested her succession. The dispute escalated into the 1383–1385 Crisis, a period of civil war and political instability across Portugal. Key battles and shifting alliances determined control over strategic fortresses. The conflict concluded with John of Avis’s victory and coronation as King John I, founding the Avis dynasty. This resolution secured Portuguese independence and set the stage for the nation’s Age of Discoveries.
1383
Portuguese House of Burgundy
Fernando
civil war
1739day.year
The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira.
The War of Jenkins’ Ear begins in 1739 with a British attack on the Spanish port of La Guaira.
On October 22, 1739, Britain formally declared war on Spain in what became known as the War of Jenkins’ Ear, named after a naval incident involving Captain Robert Jenkins. The conflict started with a British expeditionary force attacking the fortified Venezuelan port of La Guaira. Underlying the war were disputes over trade rights, tariffs, and maritime jurisdiction in the Caribbean. British merchants sought to expand their influence and challenge Spanish naval superiority. Early engagements focused on capturing Spanish ports and disrupting shipping lanes. The war ultimately merged into the larger War of the Austrian Succession and ended inconclusively in 1748. Despite its limited strategic gains, the conflict heightened imperial rivalries in the Americas.
1739
War of Jenkins' Ear
La Guaira
1777day.year
American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.
American forces repel Hessian assaults at Fort Mercer in the Battle of Red Bank on October 22, 1777.
During the American Revolutionary War on October 22, 1777, Continental Army troops and militia held Fort Mercer at Red Bank along the Delaware River against repeated Hessian attacks. Under the leadership of Colonel Christopher Greene, the defenders used fortifications and clever tactics to inflict heavy casualties on the enemy. The British aimed to secure the river approaches to Philadelphia, but their assault was stalled at Fort Mercer. Despite being outnumbered, the American force captured enemy equipment and maintained control of the fort. The victory boosted Patriot morale and delayed British plans to supply their garrison in Philadelphia. Fort Mercer became a symbol of American resilience and determination. The site remains an important historical monument commemorating colonial valor.
1777
American Revolutionary War
Fort Mercer
Battle of Red Bank
1790day.year
Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign.
Native American forces achieve a decisive victory over the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign in the Northwest Indian War.
On October 22, 1790, allied Native American tribes inflicted a significant defeat on the U.S. Army expedition led by General Harmar near present-day Fort Wayne.
The victory effectively ended the Harmar Campaign and halted American efforts to expand into the Northwest Territory.
It marked a major early engagement of the Northwest Indian War and showcased the strategic prowess of Native forces.
American troops suffered heavy casualties and retreated in disarray, shaking public confidence in military leadership.
This decisive battle raised the morale of Native confederacies and set the stage for continued resistance in the region.
1790
Northwest Indian War
Harmar Campaign
1859day.year
Spain declares war on Morocco.
Spain officially declares war on Morocco, initiating the Hispano-Moroccan War of 1859.
On October 22, 1859, the Kingdom of Spain declared war on the sultanate of Morocco, starting the Hispano-Moroccan War.
The conflict was fueled by border disputes and Spanish ambitions in North Africa.
Spanish forces quickly advanced into Moroccan territory, capturing key coastal towns such as Tétouan.
Modern weaponry and naval power gave Spain a significant advantage, culminating in the Treaty of Wad Ras in April 1860.
The peace agreement granted Spain territorial concessions and reparations.
This war marked a notable episode in Spain’s 19th-century colonial expansion and influenced European power dynamics in the region.
1859
war
Morocco
1941day.year
World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.
German forces execute French resistance fighter Guy Môquet and 29 hostages in retaliation during WWII.
On October 22, 1941, Nazi occupation forces in France executed 30 hostages, including young partisan Guy Môquet.
The executions were ordered as reprisals for the killing of a German officer by French resisters.
Môquet, only 17 years old, became a martyr after his poignant farewell letter was widely published.
The tragic loss galvanized anti-Nazi sentiment and strengthened the resolve of the French Resistance.
Today, Môquet’s story remains a symbol of youthful courage against oppression.
1941
World War II
Guy Môquet
1943day.year
World War II: In the second firestorm raid on Germany, the British Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.
The RAF launches a devastating firestorm raid on Kassel in 1943, causing immense destruction and civilian displacement.
In the early hours of October 22, 1943, RAF Bomber Command unleashed a massive air assault on Kassel, Germany.
The bombing raid generated a fierce firestorm, razing industrial districts and residential quarters alike.
Approximately 10,000 residents perished in the inferno, and 150,000 were left without homes.
Critical armament factories and rail infrastructure were crippled, disrupting Nazi war production.
The raid fueled post-war debates about the morality and efficacy of strategic bombing campaigns.
1943
conducts an air raid
Kassel
1962day.year
Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.
President Kennedy announces a naval quarantine of Cuba after discovering Soviet missiles, marking a Cold War peak.
On October 22, 1962, President John F. Kennedy addressed the nation to announce the discovery of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba.
He imposed a naval quarantine to prevent further military supplies from reaching the island.
The tense announcement brought the world perilously close to nuclear war.
Kennedy’s measured response and subsequent negotiations with Premier Khrushchev highlighted the power of diplomacy.
The Cuban Missile Crisis stands as a defining moment in Cold War history and nuclear brinkmanship.
1962
Cuban Missile Crisis
2007day.year
A raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos, with all except one dying in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and ten damaged.
In 2007, Tamil Tiger commandos raided Sri Lanka's Anuradhapura Air Force Base, destroying aircraft and suffering heavy losses.
On October 22, 2007, 21 LTTE commandos launched a surprise attack on Sri Lanka's Anuradhapura Air Force Base. Armed with explosives and firearms, they breached the perimeter under the cover of darkness. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force aircraft were destroyed and ten others damaged during the raid. All but one of the attackers were killed in fierce clashes with security forces. The assault demonstrated the Tamil Tigers' daring tactics in the Sri Lankan Civil War. In its aftermath, the government strengthened base security and revised counterinsurgency strategies.
2007
raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base
2014day.year
Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people.
In 2014, Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacked Canada's Parliament in Ottawa, killing a soldier and wounding others before being shot dead.
On October 22, 2014, gunman Michael Zehaf-Bibeau launched an attack on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Canada. He fatally shot Corporal Nathan Cirillo at the National War Memorial before storming the Centre Block. Inside the Parliament building, he exchanged fire with security personnel and injured three others. Sergeant-at-Arms Kevin Vickers ultimately shot and killed Zehaf-Bibeau, ending the attack. The incident triggered a security lockdown in the national capital and prompted a joint investigation by the RCMP and parliamentary authorities. It raised concerns about domestic radicalization and led to enhanced protective measures for Canada's parliamentary precinct.
2014
attacks