October 25
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Armed Forces Day (Romania)
Honors the establishment and contributions of Romania's military forces through parades and ceremonies.
Christianfeast day:
Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo), Pope Boniface I, Canna, BlessedCarlo Gnocchi, Crysanthus and Daria(Western Christianity), Crispin and Crispinian, Fructus, Gaudentius of Brescia, Goeznovius, Minias of Florence, MarNestorius(in theNestorian churches), Tabitha (Dorcas), Tegulus, BlessedThaddeus McCarthy, The Six Welsh Martyrs and companions(in Wales), The Hallowing of Nestorius, October 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A liturgical celebration honoring a diverse group of Christian saints and martyrs across Western and Eastern traditions.
Day of the Basque Country(Basque Country)
Regional public holiday celebrating Basque culture, identity, and historical heritage in Spain and France.
Republic Day(Kazakhstan)
Marks the adoption of Kazakhstan’s first constitution and the foundation of its sovereign republic.
Retrocession Dayand the memorial day for theBattle of Guningtou
Commemorates Taiwan’s return to Chinese administration in 1945 and honors those who fought in the Battle of Guningtou in 1949.
Sovereignty Day (Slovenia)
Celebrates Slovenia’s attainment of full sovereignty and independence from Yugoslavia in 1991.
Thanksgiving Day (Grenada)
National holiday commemorating the 1983 U.S.-led intervention in Grenada and the restoration of order.
Bernat Calbó (Bernard of Calvo)
Feast day honoring Bernat Calbó, a 13th-century Catalan bishop, jurist, and crusader.
Pope Boniface I
Feast day of Pope Boniface I, early 5th-century Bishop of Rome known for defending church autonomy.
Events
Execution of Saints Crispin and Crispinian during the reign of Diocletian, now the patron saints of leather workers, curriers, and shoemakers.
Saints Crispin and Crispinian were executed under Diocletian’s reign and later became patron saints of leather workers and shoemakers.
Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.
Emperor Leo I elevated his young grandson Leo II to Caesar, securing dynastic succession in the Eastern Roman Empire.
Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.
Seljuk Turks routed German crusaders at Dorylaeum, marking a major setback for the Second Crusade.
Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights conquer Lisbon.
Crusader forces lifted the four-month siege to capture Lisbon, a turning point in the Reconquista.
Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.
Henry V’s English army achieved a stunning victory over the French cavalry at Agincourt during the Hundred Years' War.
Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
Dutch captain Dirk Hartog made the second European landfall in Australia at a remote island off Western Australia.
War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.
A British fleet under Admiral Hawke overwhelmed the French navy at Cape Finisterre during the War of the Austrian Succession.
King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II.
George III ascended to the British throne following the death of his grandfather, George II.
Golden Jubilee of George III is celebrated in Britain as he begins the fiftieth year of his reign.
Britain celebrated King George III’s Golden Jubilee, marking fifty years on the throne.
Births
Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar
9th-century warlord and founder of the Saffarid dynasty in present-day Iran.
William Clito
12th-century Norman prince and claimant to the Duchy of Normandy.
Louis II
14th-century Count of Flanders who navigated conflicts during the Hundred Years' War.
Italian nobleman and patron of Renaissance art, brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent.
French princess and Duchess of Ferrara known for her advocacy of Protestantism.
François de Sourdis
French Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Bordeaux in the early 17th century.
Jan Stanisław Sapieha
Polish-Lithuanian magnate and royal court official from the influential Sapieha family.
James Graham
Scottish nobleman and legendary soldier of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
Louis Frederick I
German prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt who ruled in the early 18th century.
Deaths
Pope Boniface V was the Bishop of Rome from 619 to 625, known for issuing important decrees and supporting the English Church.
Rudolph I
Rudolph I was King of Upper Burgundy from 888 to 912, who established the independence of his realm after the collapse of Carolingian authority.
Magnus the Good
Magnus the Good was King of Norway from 1035 and King of Denmark from 1042 until his death in 1047, remembered for uniting the Scandinavian kingdoms.
Enguerrand II
Enguerrand II was the Count of Ponthieu who allied with Norman rulers and died leading his troops in battle in 1053.
Stephen
Stephen was King of England from 1135 to 1154, whose reign was embroiled in civil war known as The Anarchy.
John of Salisbury
John of Salisbury was a 12th-century philosopher, author of Policraticus and Metalogicon, and later Bishop of Chartres.
Conrad of Wittelsbach
Conrad of Wittelsbach was a German archbishop and cardinal, influential in imperial and papal politics during the 12th century.
Gilbert de Clare
Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, was an English noble and military commander active in early 13th-century conflicts.
Robert Burnell
Robert Burnell was Lord Chancellor and chief minister to King Edward I of England, noted for his legal expertise and administration.