October 30
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Anniversary of the Declaration of the Slovak Nation(Slovakia)
A national holiday in Slovakia commemorating the 1918 Declaration asserting Slovak nationhood and the formation of Czechoslovakia.
Christianfeast day:
Ethelnoth (Egelnoth) the Good, BlessedDominic Collins(Catholic, Ireland,Society of Jesus), Gerard of Potenza, BlessedMaria Teresa of St. Joseph, John Wycliffe(Episcopal Church (USA)), Marcellus of Tangier, Saturninus of Cagliari, Serapion of Antioch, Talarican (Tarkin), Theonistus, Zenobios and Zenobia, October 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
A collective feast day in the Christian liturgical calendar honoring multiple saints across Catholic, Anglican, and Eastern Orthodox traditions.
Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions(former Soviet republics, exceptUkraine)
An annual observance in former Soviet republics to honor and remember the victims of political repression.
Thevar Jayanthi(Thevar community,India)
The birth anniversary celebration of Pasumpon Muthuramalinga Thevar, a revered leader of the Thevar community in India.
Mischief Night(Ireland,Canada,United Kingdom,United Statesand other places)
A tradition on the eve of Halloween marked by playful pranks and lighthearted mischief in various countries.
Ethelnoth (Egelnoth) the Good
A feast day honoring Saint Ethelnoth, a 9th-century bishop celebrated for his piety and leadership.
BlessedDominic Collins(Catholic, Ireland,Society of Jesus)
A Catholic feast day for Blessed Dominic Collins, an Irish Jesuit martyr of the late 16th century.
Gerard of Potenza
Feast day of Saint Gerard of Potenza, celebrated for his episcopal leadership and devotion.
BlessedMaria Teresa of St. Joseph
Feast day of Blessed Maria Teresa of St. Joseph, founder of a religious congregation in Belgium.
Events
Arab–Byzantine wars: Antioch surrenders to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge.
In 637, Antioch fell to the Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of the Iron Bridge, marking a significant shift in the Arab–Byzantine wars.
Guangzhou is sacked by Arab and Persian pirates.
In 758, Guangzhou was raided and sacked by Arab and Persian pirates, causing widespread destruction and highlighting vulnerabilities in Tang dynasty maritime defenses.
Ranulf of Apulia defeats Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, securing his position as duke until his death two years later.
In 1137, Ranulf of Apulia defeated Roger II of Sicily at the Battle of Rignano, strengthening his hold over southern Italy against Norman rivals.
The Eighth Crusade ends by an agreement between Charles I of Anjou (replacing his deceased brother King Louis IX of France) and the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, Tunisia.
On October 30, 1270, Charles I of Anjou negotiated an end to the Eighth Crusade with the Hafsid dynasty of Tunis, concluding hostilities through treaty rather than conquest.
Reconquista: Portuguese and Castilian forces halt a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado.
In 1340, combined Portuguese and Castilian forces halted a Muslim invasion at the Battle of Río Salado, delivering a key victory in the Reconquista.
Anglo-Spanish War: Spanish forces fail to retake Jamaica at the Battle of Ocho Rios.
On October 30, 1657, Spanish forces failed in their attempt to recapture Jamaica from the English at the Battle of Ocho Rios during the Anglo-Spanish War.
War of the Fourth Coalition: Convinced that he is facing a much larger force, Prussian General von Romberg, commanding 5,300 men, surrenders the city of Stettin to 800 French soldiers.
In 1806, Prussian General von Romberg surrendered the fortified city of Stettin to a small French force without a major fight in the War of the Fourth Coalition.
Simón Bolívar becomes President of the Third Republic of Venezuela.
On October 30, 1817, Simón Bolívar became President of the Third Republic of Venezuela, advancing the independence movement in South America.
Nat Turner is arrested for leading the bloodiest slave rebellion in United States history.
On October 30, 1831, Nat Turner was arrested after leading the most deadly slave rebellion in U.S. history, sparking fierce debate over slavery.
Births
Julia the Elder
Daughter of the first Roman Emperor, Augustus, and a prominent figure in the Julio-Claudian dynasty.
The 85th Emperor of Japan, who reigned briefly during the Kamakura period.
Andrew
Heir to the throne of Naples whose marriage ignited political tensions in 14th-century Europe.
Lucas Watzenrode
A key ecclesiastical leader and uncle of astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the Kingdom of Poland.
Anne d'Alençon
A member of the French royal lineage and influential court figure during the Renaissance.
Jacques Amyot
Renowned translator of classical works and influential French Renaissance humanist.
Jacques-Nompar de Caumont
Distinguished French nobleman and military leader during the Wars of Religion and the Thirty Years’ War.
Paul Pellisson
A prominent historian of Louis XIV’s court and influential member of the Académie Française.
Christopher Wren
One of England’s greatest architects and a pioneering scientist of the 17th century.
Deaths
Paul of Edessa
6th-century Syriac Orthodox bishop who led the Christian community in Edessa.
Sergius VII
Last independent Duke of Naples, who ruled during the Norman consolidation of southern Italy.
Ibn Khallikan
13th-century Kurdish scholar, judge, and historian, best known for his biographical dictionary of notable figures.
Poggio Bracciolini
Italian Renaissance humanist famed for rediscovering and translating lost classical manuscripts.
Johann Fust
15th-century German financier and printer who partnered with Gutenberg to pioneer the bookmaking industry.
Jean Mouton
French Renaissance composer known for his elegant sacred choral works and influential role as a music teacher.
Jacob Sturm von Sturmeck
German statesman and diplomat instrumental in advancing Protestant interests during the Reformation.
Jean-Jacques Boissard
French Renaissance poet and antiquarian celebrated for his poetic works and detailed engravings of ancient monuments.
King of Sweden (1604–1611) who strengthened the monarchy and pursued Baltic ambitions.