October 31

All Saints Day is a public holiday in Finland and Sweden, observed on the Saturday between October 31 and November 6 each year. When it falls on October 31, it marks the earliest date for this solemn commemoration. Families visit cemeteries to light candles and lay flowers on the graves of loved ones. Church services reflect on the lives of saints and those who have passed, combining both religious and cultural customs. The day offers a moment for reflection and remembrance ahead of the darker winter months. Community events often include choral performances of sacred music. The observance underscores themes of memory, heritage, and spiritual continuity within Nordic societies.

King Father’s Birthday marks the birth of King Norodom Sihanouk, a revered figure in modern Cambodian history. The day is celebrated with official ceremonies, cultural performances, and offerings at royal palaces and pagodas. Citizens pay homage by lighting candles, presenting flowers, and participating in traditional Khmer dances. Government-organized events include concerts and exhibitions showcasing Cambodia’s cultural heritage. Schools and community groups join in educational activities to reflect on King Sihanouk’s contributions to national unity and independence. Streets and public buildings are adorned with portraits of the late monarch and national flags. The holiday fosters a spirit of reflection on Cambodia’s past and hopes for its future.

National Unity Day commemorates the birth of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the ‘Iron Man of India,’ and his role in uniting hundreds of princely states into the Indian Union. The day is marked by the ‘Run for Unity,’ where participants across the country join races and marches. Government offices, schools, and social institutions host events to raise awareness about the importance of solidarity and integrity. Speeches and seminars highlight Patel’s leadership qualities and his efforts in fostering communal harmony. Flag hoisting ceremonies and cultural performances underscore India’s diverse yet unified identity. Citizens are encouraged to pledge allegiance to the principles of unity, democracy, and national service. National Unity Day inspires reflection on the values that bind India’s citizens together.

Reformation Day commemorates Martin Luther’s posting of the 95 Theses in 1517, which sparked the Protestant Reformation. It is observed by Protestant churches worldwide, with special services, lectures, and hymn singing focusing on themes of faith and reform. In parts of Germany, Slovenia, and Chile, the day is also a public holiday, reflecting its profound cultural impact. Lutheran and Reformed congregations emphasize theological teachings that arose from the Reformation, including justification by faith alone. Academic institutions may host debates and presentations on the historical and religious significance of the movement. Some regions hold processions or enactments of key moments from the 16th century. The observance offers a chance to examine the Reformation’s enduring influence on Western Christianity and society.