361day.year
Emperor Constantius II dies of a fever at Mopsuestia in Cilicia; on his deathbed he is baptised and declares his cousin Julian rightful successor.
In 361, Roman Emperor Constantius II dies of fever in Cilicia, is baptised on his deathbed, and names his cousin Julian as his successor.
Constantius II, who ruled the Roman Empire since AD 337, fell gravely ill while in Mopsuestia in Cilicia.
On his deathbed in November 361, he received baptism into Christianity, a significant religious choice at the time.
Recognizing his popular cousin Julian, known as Julian the Apostate, as the rightful heir, he sealed the imperial succession.
Julian's ascension marked a turning point, as he would soon depart from his predecessor's Christian policies.
This event closed a chapter of the Constantinian dynasty and set the stage for religious and political upheaval.
The death of Constantius II thus reshaped the empire's leadership and the religious landscape.
361
Constantius II
fever
Mopsuestia
Cilicia
baptised
Julian
1492day.year
Peace of Etaples between Henry VII of England and Charles VIII of France.
On November 3, 1492, Henry VII of England and Charles VIII of France sign the Peace of Etaples, ending hostilities and securing English interests.
The Peace of Etaples was signed on November 3, 1492, between King Henry VII of England and King Charles VIII of France.
This treaty ended conflict over French support for Yorkist claimants to the English throne.
Under its terms, France agreed to pay a substantial pension to England and ceased backing pretenders.
Henry secured recognition of his rule and financial indemnities, bolstering his tenuous position at home.
The agreement also included clauses on trade and non-aggression, improving relations between the two powers.
The Peace of Etaples marked a diplomatic success for the Tudor monarchy and set the stage for relative stability.
1492
Peace of Etaples
Henry VII of England
Charles VIII of France
1534day.year
English Parliament passes the first Act of Supremacy, making King Henry VIII head of the Anglican Church, supplanting the pope and the Roman Catholic Church.
In 1534, the English Parliament enacts the First Act of Supremacy, declaring King Henry VIII the supreme head of the Church of England.
King Henry VIII's First Act of Supremacy was passed by the English Parliament in November 1534.
This landmark legislation broke England's ties with the Pope and established the monarch as head of the Anglican Church.
By rejecting papal authority, it allowed Henry to control church doctrine, appointments, and wealth within his realm.
The Act transformed the religious landscape of England and sparked the English Reformation.
It led to the dissolution of monasteries and the redistribution of church lands to royal supporters.
The assertion of royal supremacy had profound political and social consequences, reshaping English identity for generations.
1534
the first Act of Supremacy
Henry VIII
Roman Catholic Church
1783day.year
The American Continental Army is disbanded.
In 1783, the American Continental Army is officially disbanded following the end of the Revolutionary War.
Following the Treaty of Paris and the end of the American Revolutionary War, the Continental Army was disbanded on November 3, 1783.
Centered in Newburgh, New York, General George Washington and his officers oversaw the orderly demobilization of troops.
Soldiers returned home after years of conflict, many facing uncertain economic prospects and regional resettlement.
The disbandment marked the transition from wartime governance to peacetime republican rule under the fledgling United States.
Washington's decision to relinquish military power reinforced civilian control of the armed forces and democratic ideals.
This event closed the chapter on a revolutionary army and set a precedent for military subordination to civilian authority.
1783
Continental Army
1793day.year
French playwright, journalist and feminist Olympe de Gouges is guillotined.
French feminist trailblazer Olympe de Gouges is executed by guillotine in 1793 during the Reign of Terror.
Olympe de Gouges, a pioneering playwright and advocate for women's rights, was guillotined on November 3, 1793.
She authored the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen, challenging gender inequalities in revolutionary France.
Her outspoken criticism of the Jacobins and support for social reforms led to her arrest and trial.
De Gouges was convicted of treason and executed, becoming a martyr for feminist and humanist causes.
Her writings laid the groundwork for later women's rights movements and continue to inspire activists.
The fate of Olympe de Gouges highlights the turmoil of the Reign of Terror and the risks facing political dissidents.
1793
feminist
Olympe de Gouges
guillotined
1848day.year
A greatly revised Dutch constitution, which transfers much authority from the king to his parliament and ministers, is proclaimed.
The Netherlands adopts a new constitution, shifting power from the monarchy to parliament.
On November 3, 1848, King William II of the Netherlands proclaimed a substantially revised constitution. The new charter significantly limited the monarch's authority and enhanced the role of elected representatives and responsible ministers. It introduced direct elections for the House of Representatives and established ministerial accountability. This constitutional reform laid the groundwork for modern parliamentary democracy in the Netherlands. It became a model for liberal constitutions in Europe and cemented the transition from absolute monarchy to constitutional governance.
1848
Dutch constitution
1868day.year
John Willis Menard (R-LA) was the first African American elected to the United States Congress. Because of an electoral challenge, he was never seated.
John Willis Menard becomes the first African American elected to the U.S. Congress, though he never takes his seat.
In the election held on November 3, 1868, John Willis Menard, a Republican from Louisiana, won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. His victory marked a historic milestone as the first African American elected to Congress after the Civil War. However, due to contested election results and political opposition, Menard was never formally seated. His case underscored the racial and partisan tensions during Reconstruction. It paved the way for future African American legislators despite the challenges of the era.
1868
John Willis Menard
United States Congress
1898day.year
France withdraws its troops from Fashoda (now in Sudan), ending the Fashoda Incident.
France withdraws from Fashoda, ending a colonial standoff with Britain in Sudan.
On November 3, 1898, French troops evacuated the strategic outpost of Fashoda on the White Nile. The move concluded the Fashoda Incident, a confrontation between French and British colonial forces over influence in the Sudan region. Although both nations avoided open warfare, the crisis strained Franco-British relations. The resolution favored British control of the Nile corridor, paving the way for the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. This diplomatic outcome highlighted the era's imperial rivalries and the delicate balance of power in Africa.
1898
Fashoda
Fashoda Incident
1903day.year
With the encouragement of the United States, Panama separates from Colombia.
Panama declares independence from Colombia, aided by pressure from the United States.
On November 3, 1903, the isthmian province of Panama separated from Colombia to form a new republic. The movement was supported by the United States, which sought to build a canal across the region. American naval forces prevented Colombian troops from suppressing the secessionists. The newly independent Panama soon granted the U.S. rights to construct the Panama Canal. This event reshaped global trade routes and underscored American influence in Central America.
1903
Panama
separates
Colombia
1908day.year
William Howard Taft is elected the 27th President of the United States.
William Howard Taft is elected as the 27th President of the United States.
On November 3, 1908, William Howard Taft won the U.S. presidential election as the Republican candidate. Backed by outgoing President Theodore Roosevelt, Taft campaigned on continuing progressive reforms and trust-busting. He defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan by a solid margin in both the popular and electoral votes. Taft's victory marked a commitment to Roosevelt's policies but also foreshadowed growing rifts within the Republican Party. His administration would later grapple with internal divisions and debates over the direction of American progressivism.
1908
William Howard Taft
elected
President of the United States
1918day.year
The German Revolution of 1918–19 begins when 40,000 sailors take over the port in Kiel.
Forty thousand sailors seize the Kiel port, igniting Germany's 1918–19 revolution.
In November 1918, tens of thousands of German sailors stationed in Kiel rose in rebellion.
Frustrated by prolonged service and war weariness, they refused orders to engage the British fleet.
The takeover of the port catalyzed widespread mutinies across the Imperial German Navy.
News of the revolt spread rapidly, inspiring factory workers and soldiers to join protests.
This uprising marked the beginning of the German Revolution, leading to the abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II.
The revolt reshaped Germany's political landscape, setting the stage for the Weimar Republic.
Despite its roots in war fatigue, the revolution aimed at democratic reforms and ending militarism.
1918
German Revolution of 1918–19
take over
Kiel
1930day.year
Getúlio Vargas becomes Head of the Provisional Government in Brazil after a bloodless coup on October 24.
Getúlio Vargas seizes control of Brazil in a bloodless coup and heads the provisional government.
In October 1930, a political crisis erupted following disputed presidential elections in Brazil.
Allied with dissatisfied military officers and politicians, Vargas moved swiftly to seize power.
By November 3, he had established himself as Head of the Provisional Government in Rio de Janeiro.
Vargas's regime abolished the old oligarchic system, promising social and economic reforms.
He implemented labor laws, expanded infrastructure projects, and centralized federal authority.
His rise ushered in the 'Vargas Era,' a pivotal period of modernization for Brazil.
The coup fundamentally reshaped Brazilian politics, strengthening the executive branch.
1930
Getúlio Vargas
Brazil
October 24