1138day.year
Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Vietnam at the age of two, beginning a 37-year reign.
At just two years old, Lý Anh Tông ascended the Vietnamese throne, marking one of history's youngest emperors.
Born in 1136, Lý Anh Tông inherited the throne of Đại Việt at the tender age of two under regency rule. His 37-year reign became one of the most stable periods of the Lý dynasty. The young emperor oversaw administrative reforms that strengthened central authority. Under his leadership, Buddhism and Confucian scholarship flourished across the kingdom. Lý Anh Tông navigated palace intrigues and regional challenges to secure royal power. His long reign left a legacy of cultural and political development in medieval Vietnam.
1138
Lý Anh Tông
Vietnam
1499day.year
The Catholicon, written in 1464 by Jehan Lagadeuc in Tréguier, is published; this is the first Breton dictionary as well as the first French dictionary.
Jehan Lagadeuc's Catholicon, published in 1499, became the first-ever dictionaries for both the Breton and French languages.
Completed in 1464 and published in the town of Tréguier, the Catholicon is the earliest known lexicon of the Breton language. It also stands as the first printed French dictionary, bridging Latin, French, and Breton entries. Produced just as the printing press was revolutionizing Europe, the work aimed to standardize vocabulary and aid clerical scholarship. Its publication marked a turning point in lexicography and contributed to the preservation of Breton culture. The Catholicon's systematic organization influenced later European dictionaries. Today, it remains a landmark in the history of language and publishing.
1499
Catholicon
Tréguier
Breton
1556day.year
Second Battle of Panipat: Fighting begins between the forces of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, the Hindu king at Delhi and the forces of the Muslim emperor Akbar.
The Second Battle of Panipat erupted in 1556 as Mughal forces under Akbar clashed with Hemu's army near Delhi.
The battle marked a decisive conflict between the young Mughal emperor Akbar’s forces and the army of Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, known as Hemu. Hemu had seized Delhi and proclaimed himself ruler after defeating local governors. Akbar's regent, Bairam Khan, led the imperial troops in a strategic engagement at Panipat. Despite being outnumbered initially, the Mughal cavalry executed unexpected maneuvers that turned the tide. Hemu was critically wounded and captured, leading to his execution and the restoration of Mughal authority. This victory secured Akbar’s reign and set the stage for the Mughal Empire’s golden age.
1556
Second Battle of Panipat
Hem Chandra Vikramaditya
1605day.year
Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes is arrested in the cellars of the Houses of Parliament, where he had planted gunpowder in an attempt to blow up the building and kill King James I of England.
Guy Fawkes was captured beneath the Houses of Parliament on November 5, 1605, foiling a Catholic plot to assassinate King James I.
The Gunpowder Plot was a conspiracy by Catholic dissenters aiming to destroy the Protestant monarchy and government by exploding the House of Lords. Guy Fawkes was discovered guarding 36 barrels of gunpowder beneath Parliament during a routine search. His arrest on November 5 led to the unraveling of the entire cell of conspirators. Under torture, Fawkes revealed details of the plot, and his co-conspirators were subsequently arrested or killed. The plot’s failure intensified anti-Catholic sentiment and reinforced royal authority. The event is commemorated annually in the UK as Bonfire Night, with fireworks and effigies symbolizing the thwarted attack.
1605
Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes
James I of England
1688day.year
Prince William III of Orange lands with a Dutch fleet at Brixham to challenge the rule of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland).
William of Orange landed at Brixham in 1688, initiating the Glorious Revolution that deposed King James II.
Invited by English nobles to protect Protestant interests, William III sailed from the Netherlands with a sizeable Dutch fleet and army. He landed at Brixham on November 5, prompting widespread desertions from James II’s forces. The peaceful transfer of power that followed became known as the Glorious Revolution due to minimal bloodshed. William and his wife Mary II ascended the English throne as joint monarchs. Their reign established the primacy of Parliament over the crown and led to the Bill of Rights in 1689. This revolution dramatically reshaped the British constitutional system and ensured Protestant succession.
1688
Prince William III of Orange
Brixham
James II of England
1757day.year
Seven Years' War: Frederick the Great defeats the allied armies of France and the Holy Roman Empire at the Battle of Rossbach.
Frederick the Great achieved a stunning victory over French and Imperial forces at Rossbach on November 5, 1757.
Facing a numerically superior French and Holy Roman Empire army, Frederick II executed a swift and decisive flanking maneuver. His disciplined troops advanced in oblique order, catching the allied forces off guard. In under an hour, the Prussian army routed the enemy, capturing artillery and supplies. The triumph at Rossbach boosted Prussian morale and solidified Frederick’s reputation as a military innovator. It shifted the momentum of the Seven Years’ War in favor of Prussia. The battle is celebrated as one of the most remarkable tactical victories in European history.
1757
Seven Years' War
Frederick the Great
Holy Roman Empire
Battle of Rossbach
1768day.year
The Treaty of Fort Stanwix is signed, the purpose of which is to adjust the boundary line between Indian lands and white settlements set forth in the Royal Proclamation of 1763 in the Thirteen Colonies.
The 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix redrew the boundary between British settlers and Native American lands in Colonial America.
Negotiated at Fort Stanwix in present-day New York, the treaty sought to reduce frontier violence by extending colonial boundaries westward. Representatives of the Iroquois Confederacy ceded vast territories that lay beyond the Appalachian divide, despite objections from other tribes. The agreement aimed to formalize land claims under the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and protect British frontier settlements. However, it led to increased tensions as settlers moved into newly opened regions. The treaty set a precedent for future land agreements and foreshadowed conflicts leading to the American Revolution. It remains a landmark in early American diplomatic history.
1768
Treaty of Fort Stanwix
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Thirteen Colonies
1780day.year
French-American forces under Colonel LaBalme are defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
In 1780, Colonel LaBalme's French-American expedition was ambushed and defeated by Miami Chief Little Turtle.
Colonel Augustin de LaBalme led a small force of French volunteers to encourage Native American uprisings against the British. They advanced into the Indiana territory but ill-prepared for frontier warfare. At a site near present-day Columbia City, Indiana, Miami warriors under Chief Little Turtle launched a surprise attack. The expedition suffered heavy casualties and lost its supplies, forcing a retreat. Little Turtle’s tactical victory elevated his standing among Native tribes resisting colonial encroachment. The defeat discouraged further French involvement in the region during the American Revolutionary War. It underscored the complexities of alliance and conflict on the western frontier.
1780
Colonel LaBalme
defeated
Little Turtle
1811day.year
Salvadoran priest José Matías Delgado rings the bells of La Merced church in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the 1811 Independence Movement.
On November 5, 1811, José Matías Delgado rang church bells to spark the first Central American uprising against Spanish rule.
In a dramatic act at La Merced Church, Delgado’s ringing of the bells signaled the start of the 1811 Independence Movement in El Salvador. He delivered impassioned sermons condemning colonial abuses and rallying the local population to revolt. The insurrection captured key towns but was later suppressed by Spanish forces. Although it failed to achieve immediate independence, the uprising inspired further revolts across Central America. Delgado emerged as a leading figure in the eventual liberation of Central American provinces in 1821. His bold demonstration remains a symbol of Salvadoran national identity and the struggle for self-governance.
1811
José Matías Delgado
San Salvador
1811 Independence Movement
1828day.year
Greek War of Independence: The French Morea expedition to recapture Morea (now the Peloponnese) ends when the last Ottoman forces depart the peninsula.
The departure of the last Ottoman troops in 1828 marked the successful end of the French Morea expedition and secured Greek liberation in the Peloponnese.
Sent by the French government to support Greek insurgents, the Morea expedition arrived in 1828 to expel Ottoman garrisons from the Peloponnese. French forces captured key fortresses and assisted in rebuilding war-ravaged towns. The final Ottoman evacuation on November 5 signified the collapse of Ottoman military presence in southern Greece. This victory bolstered the newly formed Greek provisional government and paved the way for international recognition. Engineers and medical personnel also helped establish civil order and infrastructure improvements. The expedition exemplified European Philhellenism and diplomatic efforts culminating in the Treaty of Adrianople. It remains a milestone in the creation of the modern Greek state.
1828
Greek War of Independence
Morea expedition
Peloponnese
1834day.year
Founding of the Free University of Brussels by Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen.
The Free University of Brussels was established in 1834 by Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen as the first secular university in Belgium.
Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, a prominent liberal thinker, founded the Free University of Brussels to promote academic freedom and secular education. This institution broke away from church control and offered modern curricula in humanities, sciences, and law. It became a center for progressive thought and attracted students from across Europe. Over time, the university split into separate French and Dutch-speaking institutions, each continuing the legacy of independent scholarship. Today, its successors remain leading research universities in Belgium.
1834
Free University of Brussels
Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen
1862day.year
American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
President Abraham Lincoln relieved General George B. McClellan of command of the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.
In November 1862, amid frustration over perceived hesitancy and lack of aggressiveness, President Lincoln removed General McClellan from leadership of his principal field army. McClellan had been criticized for failing to pursue Confederate forces vigorously after key battles. Lincoln’s decision was a turning point in military leadership, paving the way for more aggressive commanders like Ulysses S. Grant. The removal underscored tensions between military strategy and political leadership during the conflict. It also reflected Lincoln’s growing impatience with cautious tactics in the fight to preserve the Union.
1862
American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
George B. McClellan
Army of the Potomac