335day.year
Athanasius, 20th pope of Alexandria, is banished to Trier on the charge that he prevented a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople.
Pope Athanasius of Alexandria was exiled to Trier in 335 AD for allegedly blocking grain shipments to Constantinople.
In 335 AD, Athanasius, the 20th pope of Alexandria, was accused of preventing a grain fleet from sailing to Constantinople, a vital food supply route for the Eastern Roman Empire. The charge led Emperor Constantine I to order his banishment to Trier, a key administrative center in the Western Empire. Athanasius’s exile reflected the intense theological and political conflicts of the era, particularly the Arian controversy. Despite his removal, he continued to exert influence through letters and loyal supporters in Alexandria. His exile lasted several years before he was eventually allowed to return. The episode underscored the complex interplay between church leadership and imperial authority in late antiquity.
335
Athanasius
pope of Alexandria
Trier
grain
Constantinople
680day.year
The Sixth Ecumenical Council commences in Constantinople.
The Sixth Ecumenical Council convened in Constantinople in 680 AD to address major theological disputes within the Christian Church.
In 680 AD, church leaders from across the Byzantine Empire gathered in Constantinople for the Sixth Ecumenical Council, aiming to resolve ongoing controversies over Christ’s nature. Presided over by Emperor Constantine IV, the council debated the Monothelite doctrine, which proposed that Christ had a single divine will. After extensive theological discussions, the assembly condemned Monothelitism as heresy and issued the Tome of Constantinople. The council’s decrees helped clarify orthodox Christological doctrine and strengthened the emperor’s role in ecclesiastical affairs. Its decisions had a lasting impact on Eastern and Western Christian traditions, shaping doctrine for centuries to follow.
680
Sixth Ecumenical Council
921day.year
Treaty of Bonn: The Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler sign a peace treaty or 'pact of friendship' (amicitia) to recognize their borders along the Rhine.
In 921 AD, Frankish kings Charles the Simple and Henry the Fowler signed the Treaty of Bonn, defining their border along the Rhine.
Facing the need to secure peace between West and East Francia, King Charles III “the Simple” and King Henry I “the Fowler” met in Bonn in 921 AD. They concluded the Treaty of Bonn, also known as the pact of amicitia, to recognize and stabilize their respective realms. The agreement clearly delineated their border along the Rhine River, reducing border conflicts and fostering diplomatic relations. It marked one of the earliest peaceful agreements between the two Frankish kingdoms. The treaty set a precedent for future medieval boundary treaties and demonstrated a shifting focus from conquest to diplomatic statecraft in early medieval Europe.
921
Treaty of Bonn
Charles the Simple
Henry the Fowler
peace treaty
amicitia
Rhine
1619day.year
Elizabeth Stuart is crowned Queen of Bohemia.
Elizabeth Stuart was crowned Queen of Bohemia on November 7, 1619.
On November 7, 1619, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James VI and I of England and Scotland, was crowned Queen of Bohemia alongside her husband, Elector Frederick V. The coronation in Prague marked the brief reign known as the “Winter King and Queen,” lasting only one winter before their forced exile. Their elevation had significant political implications, intensifying the Thirty Years’ War as Protestant and Catholic factions vied for influence. Elizabeth became a symbol of Protestant resistance, and her tenure in Bohemia remained a poignant chapter in European dynastic struggles. Her legacy endured through prolific correspondence and her role in shaping the destinies of her children across European courts.
1619
Elizabeth Stuart
crowned
Queen of Bohemia
1775day.year
John Murray (also known as Lord Dunmore), the Royal Governor of the Colony of Virginia, starts the first mass emancipation of slaves in North America by issuing Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation, which offers freedom to slaves who abandoned their colonial masters to fight with Murray and the British.
On November 7, 1775, Lord Dunmore offered freedom to slaves who joined British forces, initiating America’s first mass emancipation.
In a bold wartime measure on November 7, 1775, John Murray, the Royal Governor of Virginia known as Lord Dunmore, issued his Offer of Emancipation. The proclamation promised freedom to enslaved people who abandoned rebel colonial masters to fight for the British crown. This policy aimed to undermine the Patriots’ labor force while bolstering British military ranks. Thousands of enslaved men took up the offer, reshaping the social and political dynamics of Revolutionary America. Although many faced hardship and limited follow-through after the war, Dunmore’s decree marked the first large-scale emancipation plan in North America. The episode highlights the complex intersections of war, freedom, and colonial power.
1775
John Murray
Royal Governor
Colony of Virginia
Lord Dunmore's Offer of Emancipation
1874day.year
A cartoon by Thomas Nast in Harper's Weekly, is considered the first important use of an elephant as a symbol for the United States Republican Party.
In 1874, Thomas Nast’s cartoon in Harper’s Weekly introduces the elephant as the symbol of the US Republican Party for the first time.
Political cartoonist Thomas Nast published a caricature in Harper’s Weekly on November 7, 1874.
The illustration portrayed an elephant labeled 'The Republican Vote' promptly spooked by a donkey dressed as a lion.
Although animals had featured in American political cartoons before, Nast’s elephant quickly caught on.
The image captured public imagination, cementing the elephant as the enduring Republican emblem.
Nast’s work demonstrated the power of visual satire in shaping party identity and public discourse.
1874
cartoon
Thomas Nast
Harper's Weekly
elephant
United States Republican Party
1916day.year
Jeannette Rankin is the first woman elected to the United States Congress.
Jeannette Rankin becomes the first woman elected to the United States Congress on November 7, 1916.
On November 7, 1916, suffragist Jeannette Rankin of Montana made history by winning a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives. She became the first woman ever elected to Congress, achieving this milestone months before the 19th Amendment granted women the national right to vote. A dedicated advocate for women’s suffrage, labor rights, and peace, Rankin campaigned on progressive reforms. In Congress, she introduced legislation for women’s voting rights, child welfare, and workplace safety. Her groundbreaking victory inspired generations of women to pursue public office and fueled momentum for gender equality in politics. Rankin’s legacy endures as a pioneer of female political leadership in the United States.
1916
Jeannette Rankin
elected
United States Congress
1916day.year
Woodrow Wilson is reelected as President of the United States.
Woodrow Wilson wins reelection as President of the United States on November 7, 1916.
On November 7, 1916, incumbent President Woodrow Wilson secured a second term by defeating Republican challenger Charles Evans Hughes. His campaign slogan 'He kept us out of war' appealed to voters wary of involvement in the ongoing conflict in Europe. Wilson’s victory affirmed public support for his policies of neutrality, progressive reform, and economic stability. During his second term, he would later lead the United States into World War I and help shape the postwar settlement, including the League of Nations proposal. The 1916 election highlighted debates over international engagement and laid the groundwork for America’s expanded role on the world stage.
Woodrow Wilson
reelected
President of the United States
1918day.year
Kurt Eisner overthrows the Wittelsbach dynasty in the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Revolutionary leader Kurt Eisner topples the Wittelsbach monarchy and establishes a republic in Bavaria.
In the aftermath of Germany’s defeat in World War I, socialist journalist and activist Kurt Eisner led a popular uprising in Munich. On November 7, 1918, Eisner proclaimed the abolition of the Wittelsbach monarchy and declared Bavaria a free people's state. His actions sparked the Bavarian Revolution and inspired similar movements across Germany. Eisner became the first premier of the Bavarian Republic, advocating workers' councils and progressive reforms. Despite fierce opposition, his government laid the groundwork for Bavaria’s transition from monarchy to republic. The uprising highlighted the broader social and political upheaval gripping postwar Europe.
Kurt Eisner
Wittelsbach dynasty
Kingdom of Bavaria
1919day.year
The first Palmer Raid is conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution. Over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 U.S. cities.
Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer orders mass raids across U.S. cities, arresting suspected radicals in a fierce postwar crackdown.
On November 7, 1919, the U.S. Department of Justice launched coordinated raids against suspected communists and anarchists in 23 cities. Known as the first Palmer Raid, these actions were authorized by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer amid fears of a communist uprising. Over 10,000 individuals were arrested, often with scant evidence of wrongdoing. The raids primarily targeted immigrant communities and labor organizations, fueling debates over civil liberties and government overreach. Public reaction was divided, with some praising the effort to root out subversion and others decrying the violation of due process. The Palmer Raids became emblematic of the Red Scare era, influencing American attitudes toward dissent and immigration for years to come.
1919
Palmer Raid
Russian Revolution
1931day.year
The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed on the anniversary of the October Revolution.
The Chinese Soviet Republic is proclaimed, establishing a communist government in rural China.
On November 7, 1931, Mao Zedong and other Chinese Communist Party leaders declared the formation of the Chinese Soviet Republic in Jiangxi province. Established on the anniversary of the Russian October Revolution, this soviet aimed to implement communist governance in liberated territories. It operated under its own constitution, flag, and army—the Red Army—setting a precedent for later revolutionary bases. The CSR controlled significant areas in remote rural regions and experimented with land reform and collective agriculture. Despite persistent military pressure from the Nationalist government, the soviet endured for several years. Its establishment marked a critical step in the CCP’s rise to power and influenced the strategies of communist movements worldwide.
1931
Chinese Soviet Republic
October Revolution
1933day.year
Fiorello H. La Guardia is elected the 99th mayor of New York City.
Reformist Fiorello H. La Guardia wins election as New York City’s mayor, beginning a transformative leadership era.
On November 7, 1933, social reformer and three-term Congressman Fiorello La Guardia was elected as the 99th mayor of New York City. Representing the new Fusion Party, La Guardia campaigned on promises to combat corruption, improve public services, and modernize city government during the Great Depression. His victory ended decades of Tammany Hall dominance and signaled voter demand for honest leadership. Upon taking office, La Guardia embarked on an ambitious program of infrastructure development, social welfare expansion, and fiscal reform. Known for his charismatic persona and direct style, he earned the nickname the Little Flower. His three-term tenure reshaped New York into a more efficient and equitable metropolis.
1933
Fiorello H. La Guardia
mayor of New York City