November 09

Events

694day.year

At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims, sentencing all Jews to slavery.

At the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, King Egica orders the enslavement of all Jews for alleged collusion with Muslim forces.
In 694, during the Seventeenth Council of Toledo, Visigothic King Egica accused the Jewish population of supporting Muslim incursions. The council, guided by ecclesiastical leaders, decreed that all Jews be enslaved and their assets confiscated. This measure reflected deep religious intolerance and political maneuvering aimed at unifying the Visigothic kingdom under Catholic rule. Jewish communities were uprooted, with many individuals forced into servitude across the realm. The decree marked a significant escalation in the persecution of Jews in medieval Europe. Its consequences reverberated through subsequent centuries, shaping the precarious status of religious minorities in Iberia.
694 Seventeenth Council of Toledo Egica Visigoths Hispania slavery
1180day.year

The Battle of Fujigawa: Minamoto forces (30,000 men) under Minamoto no Yoritomo defeat Taira no Koremori during a night attack near the Fuji River but he escapes safely with the routed army.

Minamoto no Yoritomo's forces launch a night attack at the Battle of Fujigawa and rout Taira no Koremori's army near the Fuji River.
On November 9, 1180, Minamoto no Yoritomo orchestrated a daring night assault against the Taira forces at Fujigawa. Deploying roughly 30,000 warriors, the Minamoto leveraged surprise and the cover of darkness to break the Taira lines. Despite heavy fighting, many Taira soldiers, including their commander Koremori, managed to escape across the swollen Fuji River. This victory marked a key moment in the Genpei War, boosting Minamoto morale and undermining Taira dominance in the region. The successful raid showcased Yoritomo's growing military acumen and set the stage for his eventual establishment of the Kamakura shogunate. The battle is remembered as a classic example of strategic surprise in medieval Japanese warfare.
1180 Battle of Fujigawa Minamoto no Yoritomo Taira no Koremori
1277day.year

The Treaty of Aberconwy, a humiliating settlement forced on Llywelyn ap Gruffudd by King Edward I of England, brings a temporary end to the Welsh Wars.

King Edward I forces Llywelyn ap Gruffudd into the Treaty of Aberconwy, stripping the Welsh prince of much of his authority.
The Treaty of Aberconwy, signed on November 9, 1277, ended the Welsh Wars with a humiliating settlement for Prince Llywelyn ap Gruffudd. Under pressure from King Edward I of England, Llywelyn ceded vast territories and accepted English overlordship in Gwynedd. The agreement restricted his rule to a diminished rump state, effectively curtailing Welsh independence. Edward's victory demonstrated his military and diplomatic skill in consolidating royal power over Wales. The treaty set a precedent for future English intervention in Welsh affairs. Its consequences resonated through the medieval period as England tightened its grip on the British Isles.
1277 Treaty of Aberconwy Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Edward I of England
1307day.year

Knights Templar officer Hugues de Pairaud is forced to confess during the Trials of the Knights Templar. He was persecuted on the charges of false idolism and sodomy.

Knights Templar officer Hugues de Pairaud is coerced into confessing heresy and sodomy during the 1307 trials against the order.
During the 1307 trials of the Knights Templar, Hugues de Pairaud was pressured into confessing charges of false idol worship and sodomy. King Philip IV of France, seeking to dissolve the wealthy military order, orchestrated a campaign of arrests and forced testimonies with papal backing. Pairaud's coerced confession exemplified the brutal tactics used to undermine the Templars' reputation. The trials led to the eventual suppression of the order in 1312 and the seizure of its extensive holdings. The episode highlights the intersection of royal ambition, religious authority, and judicial abuse. It remains one of the most infamous episodes in medieval church-state relations.
1307 Knights Templar Hugues de Pairaud Trials of the Knights Templar
1313day.year

Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf.

Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria at the Battle of Gammelsdorf, solidifying Wittelsbach power.
On November 9, 1313, Louis the Bavarian confronted his cousin Frederick I of Austria at Gammelsdorf. The clash was part of a dynastic struggle between the Wittelsbach and Habsburg houses for control of the Holy Roman Empire. Despite the marshy terrain and heavy rain, Louis's troops outmaneuvered the Austrians to deliver a decisive victory. Frederick's defeat weakened Habsburg influence in Bavaria and bolstered Louis's bid for imperial authority. The battle underscored the fractious nature of medieval German politics and territorial rivalries. It paved the way for Louis to assert his position as a leading prince within the empire.
1313 Louis the Bavarian Frederick I of Austria Battle of Gammelsdorf
1323day.year

Siege of Warangal: Prataparudra surrenders to Muhammad bin Tughlaq, officially marking the end of the Kakatiya dynasty.

Muhammad bin Tughlaq's forces besiege Warangal, forcing the Kakatiya ruler Prataparudra to surrender and ending his dynasty.
The siege of Warangal in 1323 marked the culmination of the Delhi Sultanate's southern expansion under Muhammad bin Tughlaq. Prataparudra, ruler of the Kakatiya dynasty, resisted the Sultanate's advance but ultimately capitulated after a prolonged siege. The fall of Warangal led to the annexation of the Kakatiya territories and the end of a powerful regional kingdom. Muhammad bin Tughlaq installed loyal governors to administer the newly acquired lands, integrating them into the Sultanate's administrative system. The conquest reshaped the political map of the Deccan and facilitated increased trade and cultural exchange. The event is remembered as a turning point in medieval Indian history, illustrating the reach of the Delhi Sultanate.
1323 Siege of Warangal Prataparudra Muhammad bin Tughlaq Kakatiya dynasty
1330day.year

At the Battle of Posada, Basarab I of Wallachia defeats the Hungarian army of Charles I Robert.

Basarab I of Wallachia ambushes the Hungarian army at Posada, securing Wallachian independence.
On November 9, 1330, Basarab I of Wallachia lured King Charles I Robert's forces into a narrow mountain pass at Posada. The Wallachian army used the rugged terrain to launch a surprise attack, inflicting heavy casualties on the Hungarians. Charles's troops suffered significant losses and were forced into a chaotic retreat over the Carpathians. The victory established Wallachia's de facto independence from the Kingdom of Hungary. Basarab's triumph at Posada became a foundational legend in Romanian history and identity. The battle demonstrated the effectiveness of guerrilla tactics and knowledge of local geography in medieval warfare.
1330 Battle of Posada Basarab I of Wallachia Charles I Robert
1372day.year

Trần Duệ Tông succeeds his brother Trần Nghệ Tông as King of Vietnam.

Trần Duệ Tông ascends to the throne of Đại Việt after the abdication of his brother Trần Nghệ Tông.
On November 9, 1372, Trần Duệ Tông ascended the throne of Đại Việt following the abdication of his brother, Trần Nghệ Tông. His reign, part of the illustrious Trần dynasty, was marked by efforts to strengthen royal authority and military readiness. Threatened by the Champa kingdom in the south and factional struggles at court, Duệ Tông implemented administrative reforms. He reorganized provincial governance to improve tax collection and support troop mobilization. The emperor personally led campaigns against Champa, although his aggressive strategy would later contribute to his downfall. His time on the throne left a lasting legacy on the military and political structures of medieval Vietnam.
1372 Trần Duệ Tông Trần Nghệ Tông Vietnam
1431day.year

The Battle of Ilava: The Hungarians defeat the Hussite army.

Hungarian forces rout the Hussite army at the Battle of Ilava, halting their incursions into Hungary.
In 1431, the Hussite Wars spilled over into Hungary when a Hussite force invaded Transdanubia. At Ilava, local Hungarian nobles rallied to confront the invaders on home territory. Utilizing fortified positions and favorable terrain, the Hungarians inflicted a crushing defeat on the Hussite troops. The victory safeguarded the kingdom's western frontier and discouraged further Hussite raids. The battle demonstrated the resilience of Hungarian defenses against the spread of Hussite military innovations. It also reinforced alliances between the Hungarian monarchy and regional lords in resisting external threats.
1431 Battle of Ilava Hussite
1456day.year

Ulrich II, Count of Celje, last ruler of the County of Cilli, is assassinated in Belgrade.

Ulrich II, Count of Celje, is assassinated in Belgrade, ending his influential line.
On November 9, 1456, Ulrich II, the powerful Count of Celje, was assassinated while visiting Belgrade. As one of the most influential nobles in Central Europe, Ulrich had forged ties with the Hungarian crown and accumulated vast estates. His sudden death, likely orchestrated by political rivals, sent shockwaves through the Hungarian court. The demise of the Celje line created a power vacuum in the region and altered the balance of noble factions. It underscored the dangerous intrigue and factional violence that characterized late medieval politics. Ulrich's assassination marked the end of his dynasty's rise and reshaped the noble landscape of the Carpathian Basin.
1456 Ulrich II, Count of Celje County of Cilli Belgrade
1520day.year

More than 50 people are sentenced and executed in the Stockholm Bloodbath.

On November 9, 1520, the Stockholm Bloodbath sees the sentencing and execution of over 50 Swedish nobles and citizens by the Danish crown.
The Stockholm Bloodbath marks a brutal show of force by King Christian II of Denmark in an attempt to solidify his rule over Sweden. After conquering Stockholm, the king orders the arrest, trial, and public execution of over 50 noblemen, clergy, and townspeople. This massacre intensifies Swedish resistance and deepens animosity towards Danish rule. It exemplifies the ruthless nature of early 16th-century power struggles in Scandinavia. The event remains a defining and tragic moment in Swedish history.
1520 Stockholm Bloodbath
1580day.year

Second Desmond Rebellion: The Siege of Smerwick ends with the Catholic garrison surrendering to the English forces under Arthur Grey. The majority of the garrison is massacred the next day.

On November 9, 1580, English forces under Arthur Grey accept the surrender of a Catholic garrison at Smerwick, only to execute most of the defenders the following day.
The Siege of Smerwick is a brutal episode in the Second Desmond Rebellion, as a combined force of Irish, Spanish, and Italian troops defends the fort at Dún an Óir. After a week-long siege, Sir Arthur Grey’s English army secures the surrender of around 600 Catholic soldiers. Despite promises of mercy, Grey orders the massacre of the majority of the garrison on November 10. The atrocity shocks contemporaries and underscores the harshness of Elizabethan suppression in Ireland. It remains one of the most controversial events of the Tudor conquest of Ireland.
1580 Second Desmond Rebellion Siege of Smerwick Arthur Grey