308day.year
At Carnuntum, Emperor emeritus Diocletian confers with Galerius, Augustus of the East, and Maximianus, the recently returned former Augustus of the West, in an attempt to end the civil wars of the Tetrarchy.
In 308, Emperor Diocletian meets Galerius and Maximianus at Carnuntum to negotiate an end to the Tetrarchy's civil wars.
In the early 4th century, the Roman Empire was governed by the Tetrarchy, a system of four rulers sharing power.
After Diocletian retired in 305, tensions rose between the remaining emperors and the newly returned Maximianus.
In 308 at Carnuntum, Diocletian called a summit with Galerius and Maximianus to negotiate peace.
The meeting addressed succession disputes, territorial boundaries, and the balance of military command.
Galerius represented the interests of the East, while Maximianus sought to reclaim authority in the West.
Though no definitive resolution was reached, the conference highlighted the fragility of divided rule.
This gathering at Carnuntum marked a key moment in the eventual reorganization of imperial power.
308
Carnuntum
Diocletian
Galerius
Augustus
Maximianus
civil wars of the Tetrarchy
1028day.year
Constantine VIII dies, ending his uninterrupted reign as emperor or co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire of 66 years.
Byzantine Emperor Constantine VIII dies in 1028, concluding an unprecedented 66-year reign as co-emperor and sole ruler.
Constantine VIII became co-emperor at a young age alongside his brother Basil II in 976.
After Basil II's death in 1025, Constantine assumed full imperial authority over the Byzantine Empire.
His six-and-a-half decades as emperor or co-emperor marked one of the longest reigns in Byzantine history.
His era saw relative stability but was also criticized for court intrigues and financial strains.
Constantine's childless death in 1028 led to the succession of his son-in-law, Romanos III Argyros.
This transition ushered in a new dynasty and reshaped the empire's political landscape.
His legacy is remembered for both the endurance and challenges of his prolonged rule.
1028
Constantine VIII
emperor or co-emperor
Byzantine Empire
1100day.year
Henry I of England marries Matilda of Scotland, the daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland and a direct descendant of the Saxon king Edmund Ironside; Matilda is crowned on the same day.
King Henry I of England weds Matilda of Scotland in 1100, crowning her queen on their wedding day to cement dynastic ties.
On November 11, 1100, Henry I married Matilda, daughter of Malcolm III of Scotland.
Matilda was a granddaughter of King Edmund Ironside, linking the Norman and Saxon dynasties.
The ceremony took place at Westminster Abbey, where Matilda received her coronation.
This union strengthened Henry's claim to the English throne and fostered peace with Scotland.
Matilda's Saxon heritage was significant in legitimizing Norman rule after 1066.
Their marriage produced two surviving children, securing the royal succession.
The alliance reshaped Anglo-Scottish relations for generations to come.
1100
Henry I of England
Matilda of Scotland
Malcolm III of Scotland
Edmund Ironside
1215day.year
The Fourth Council of the Lateran meets, defining the doctrine of transubstantiation, the process by which bread and wine are, by that doctrine, said to transform into the body and blood of Christ.
The Fourth Lateran Council convenes in 1215, formally defining the doctrine of transubstantiation in Christian theology.
Pope Innocent III summoned the Fourth Lateran Council to Viterbo but it met in Rome in November 1215.
Over 400 bishops and church leaders gathered to address church reform and doctrinal clarity.
The council's most famous decree established transubstantiation as essential belief.
It declared that bread and wine truly become the body and blood of Christ during the Eucharist.
The council also introduced measures against heresy and regulated clerical life.
It mandated annual confession and communion for all Christians.
The Fourth Lateran Council had a lasting impact on medieval piety and church authority.
1215
Fourth Council of the Lateran
transubstantiation
Christ
1500day.year
Treaty of Granada: Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon agree to divide the Kingdom of Naples between them.
In 1500, France and Aragon sign the Treaty of Granada, partitioning the Kingdom of Naples between Louis XII and Ferdinand II.
On November 11, 1500, Louis XII of France and Ferdinand II of Aragon concluded the Treaty of Granada.
The agreement divided the wealthy Kingdom of Naples into two spheres of influence.
France took control of the northern provinces, while Aragon held the southern territories.
This settlement ended competing claims and formalized Franco-Spanish cooperation.
It reflected the shifting alliances of Renaissance Europe amid the Italian Wars.
Local nobility and rival claimants were sidelined in favor of the two monarchs.
The treaty reshaped Italian politics and set the stage for future conflicts.
1500
Treaty of Granada
Louis XII of France
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Kingdom of Naples
1572day.year
Tycho Brahe observes the supernova SN 1572.
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe witnesses the bright supernova SN 1572, challenging the immutable heavens model.
On November 11, 1572, Tycho Brahe observed a new star in the constellation Cassiopeia.
His precise measurements showed that the object had no detectable parallax.
This proved it was farther than the Moon, contradicting the Aristotelian belief in unchangeable skies.
Brahe's detailed observations were published in his work 'De nova stella'.
The supernova, later catalogued as SN 1572, became one of the most studied stellar events.
His findings laid groundwork for the development of modern astronomy.
The event marked a pivotal challenge to medieval cosmology.
1572
Tycho Brahe
supernova
SN 1572
1620day.year
The Mayflower Compact is signed in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod.
The Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sign the Mayflower Compact in 1620, establishing a self-governing colony contract.
Anchored off Cape Cod on November 11, 1620, the Pilgrims drafted the Mayflower Compact.
Fifty-one male passengers signed this social contract aboard the Mayflower.
It pledged loyalty to King James I and commitment to self-governance.
This compact laid the foundation for representative democracy in New England.
It addressed the absence of a formal charter and ensured order among settlers.
The document emphasized just and equal laws enacted for the general good.
Historians view it as a precursor to American constitutional government.
1620
Mayflower Compact
Provincetown Harbor
Cape Cod
1634day.year
Following pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish House of Commons passes An Act for the Punishment for the Vice of Buggery.
In 1634, the Irish House of Commons enacts severe penalties for buggery, marking one of the earliest anti-sodomy laws in Ireland.
Under pressure from Anglican bishop John Atherton, the Irish Parliament passed the Act for the Punishment of the Vice of Buggery.
The 1634 law prescribed death by hanging for convicted offenders.
It reflected prevailing moral and religious attitudes toward sexuality in the early modern era.
Atherton's campaign highlighted the church's influence over Irish legislation.
Historians note that enforcement of the law was sporadic and politically charged.
This act became a reference point for later British and Irish sodomy laws.
It underscores the complex interplay of religion, law, and social norms in 17th-century Ireland.
1634
Anglican
John Atherton
Irish House of Commons
Buggery
1673day.year
Second Battle of Khotyn in Ukraine: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under the command of Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottoman army. In this battle, rockets made by Kazimierz Siemienowicz are successfully used.
Polish–Lithuanian forces under Jan Sobieski defeat the Ottomans at the Second Battle of Khotyn in 1673, using innovative rockets.
On November 11, 1673, near Khotyn in modern-day Ukraine, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth engaged Ottoman forces.
Commander Jan Sobieski employed rockets designed by Kazimierz Siemienowicz.
These early artillery rockets sowed confusion and disrupted enemy ranks.
Sobieski's troops executed a decisive counterattack, forcing the Ottomans to retreat.
The victory boosted Polish morale during the ongoing Polish-Ottoman War.
Sobieski's leadership at Khotyn elevated his reputation, paving the way for his eventual election as king.
The battle demonstrated the evolving nature of early modern warfare.
1673
Battle of Khotyn
Ukraine
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Jan Sobieski
Ottoman
Kazimierz Siemienowicz
1675day.year
Gottfried Leibniz demonstrates integral calculus for the first time to find the area under the graph of y = ƒ(x).
Gottfried Leibniz publicly demonstrates integral calculus in 1675, introducing a fundamental tool for mathematical analysis.
In a 1675 lecture, German polymath Gottfried Leibniz illustrated how to calculate areas under curves.
He introduced the integral sign ∫ to represent summation of infinitesimal quantities.
Leibniz's method complemented his earlier development of differential calculus.
His demonstration provided a practical approach for solving problems in geometry and physics.
Publication of his work sparked debates over calculus priority with Isaac Newton.
The notation and methodology devised by Leibniz became standard in mathematical practice.
His contributions laid the groundwork for centuries of advances in analysis.
1675
Gottfried Leibniz
integral calculus
1724day.year
Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a highwayman known for attacking "Thief-Taker General" (and thief) Jonathan Wild at the Old Bailey, is hanged in London.
Joseph Blake, alias Blueskin, a notorious highwayman who attacked Jonathan Wild, was hanged at the Old Bailey in 1724.
Joseph Blake, known by his alias Blueskin, was a notorious English highwayman.
He gained infamy for his attempts to rob Jonathan Wild, the infamous Thief-Taker General, at the Old Bailey in London.
After being captured, Blake stood trial at the Old Bailey, where evidence of his crimes was presented.
On November 11, 1724, he was convicted and sentenced to hanging.
His execution drew a large crowd and was widely reported in the pamphlets and broadsides of the time.
Blake's daring exploits and dramatic end contributed to the folklore of highwaymen in 18th-century England.
1724
Joseph Blake
Jonathan Wild
Old Bailey
1750day.year
Riots break out in Lhasa after the murder of the Tibetan regent.
In 1750, riots erupted in Lhasa following the assassination of the Tibetan regent, sparking widespread unrest.
In November 1750, Lhasa descended into violent turmoil after the murder of the Tibetan regent.
Citizens, outraged by the sudden power vacuum, took to the streets in protest.
The uprising saw attacks on government officials and key monasteries, overwhelming local authorities.
Military forces struggled to restore order amid the chaos that swept the city.
The riots marked a critical moment in Tibetan politics, revealing deep divisions within the leadership.
The disturbances had lasting effects on regional governance and stability.
1750
Riots break out
Lhasa
Tibetan