November 12

On November 12, 1936, the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge officially opened to vehicle traffic, linking San Francisco and Oakland across San Francisco Bay. The grand opening featured parades of cars and celebratory processions, showcasing the bridge's elegant double-deck design. Spanning over 4 miles, it was one of the longest and highest bridges of its era, engineered to withstand earthquakes and heavy traffic. Its construction employed thousands of workers during the Great Depression, boosting the local economy. The bridge dramatically reduced travel time between the East Bay and downtown San Francisco, transforming regional transportation. It quickly became an iconic landmark and a vital artery for commuters, commercial vehicles, and freight. Over the decades, it underwent various retrofits and expansions to maintain safety and capacity. Today, the Bay Bridge remains a testament to ambitious infrastructure projects of the 20th century.

Ellis Island, opened in 1892 as America's busiest immigration inspection station, processed more than 12 million newcomers. Changing immigration policies and the development of modern airports led to the consolidation of facilities on the mainland. On November 12, 1954, federal operations at Ellis Island came to an end, leaving many buildings abandoned. Subsequent preservation efforts in the 1970s transformed the site into a museum dedicated to the immigrant experience. Today, visitors can explore restored Ellis Island spaces, exhibitions, and passenger records. The closure marked a turning point in U.S. immigration history, symbolizing both the gateway to hope and the complexities of border policy. Ellis Island remains an enduring emblem of America's diverse heritage and the quest for a new life.