1002day.year
English king Æthelred II orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St. Brice's Day massacre.
On November 13, 1002, King Æthelred II ordered the massacre of Danes throughout England, an atrocity now known as the St. Brice's Day Massacre.
King Æthelred II issued a decree on St. Brice's Day in 1002 to eliminate Danes living in England, driven by fear of Danish influence. The order led to widespread killings across major towns, including Oxford and Winchester. Contemporary sources report that men, women, and children were indiscriminately attacked. The massacre exacerbated tensions between England and Denmark, contributing to later Viking invasions. Historians view the event as a dark example of medieval ethnic violence and a catalyst for subsequent hostilities.
1002
Æthelred II
Danes
St. Brice's Day massacre
1093day.year
Battle of Alnwick: in an English victory over the Scots, Malcolm III of Scotland, and his son Edward, are killed.
In 1093, the Battle of Alnwick saw English forces defeat the Scots, leading to the deaths of King Malcolm III and his son Edward.
The Battle of Alnwick on November 13, 1093 was a pivotal engagement in the Anglo-Scottish conflicts. English nobles led by Robert de Mowbray ambushed King Malcolm III's forces. The Scots were caught off guard while raiding Northern England. Malcolm III and his heir Edward were both killed, triggering a succession crisis in Scotland. The victory strengthened English control over the border region and dampened Scottish raids for several years.
1093
Battle of Alnwick
Malcolm III of Scotland
1160day.year
Louis VII of France marries Adela of Champagne.
In 1160, King Louis VII of France married Adela of Champagne, forging a key alliance within the Capetian dynasty.
On November 13, 1160, Louis VII wed Adela of Champagne in a ceremony that reinforced dynastic bonds among French nobility. Adela was the daughter of Theobald II, Count of Champagne, bringing considerable influence and lands to the crown. The marriage aimed to secure political stability and counterbalance rival factions. Adela later served as regent during Louis’s absence on crusade, demonstrating her political acumen. Their union cemented the Champagne family's role in French court affairs for generations.
1160
Louis VII of France
Adela of Champagne
1642day.year
First English Civil War: Battle of Turnham Green: The Royalist forces withdraw in the face of the Parliamentarian army and fail to take London.
During the First English Civil War in 1642, the Battle of Turnham Green forced Royalist forces to withdraw, preserving Parliamentarian control of London.
The Battle of Turnham Green took place on November 13, 1642, as Royalist troops under the Earl of Newcastle advanced toward London. Parliamentarian forces, bolstered by trained bands and reinforced by civilians, formed strong defensive lines. Facing superior numbers, the Royalists hesitated and ultimately retreated. This failure to seize the capital denied King Charles I a quick resolution to the conflict. The stand at Turnham Green galvanized support for Parliament in London and marked a turning point in the early war.
1642
First English Civil War
Battle of Turnham Green
Royalist
Parliamentarian
London
1715day.year
Jacobite rising in Scotland: Battle of Sheriffmuir: The forces of the Kingdom of Great Britain halt the Jacobite advance, although the action is inconclusive.
In 1715, British government forces clashed with Jacobite rebels at the Battle of Sheriffmuir, halting the uprising in Scotland in an inconclusive encounter.
The Jacobite rising of 1715 peaked at the Battle of Sheriffmuir on November 13, 1715, when government troops under the Duke of Argyll engaged Highland clans loyal to James Stuart. Heavy fog and rugged terrain made coordinated attacks difficult, leading to chaotic fighting. Both sides claimed victory, but the battle forestalled the Jacobite march south. The inconclusive outcome stalled the rebellion and undermined Jacobite morale. In its aftermath, government forces regained momentum, eventually suppressing the uprising.
1715
Jacobite rising
Battle of Sheriffmuir
Kingdom of Great Britain
1775day.year
American Revolutionary War: Patriot revolutionary forces under Gen. Richard Montgomery occupy Montreal.
In 1775, General Richard Montgomery led Patriot forces to capture Montreal during the American Revolutionary War, extending the rebellion into Canada.
On November 13, 1775, American revolutionary forces under General Richard Montgomery secured Montreal after the city's defenders negotiated a peaceful surrender. The occupation followed the earlier capture of Fort Chambly and fortifications along the Richelieu River. Montgomery's advance aimed to bring Canada into the rebellion against Britain. Although welcomed by some local inhabitants, the occupation failed to inspire widespread Canadian support. Montgomery then planned an assault on Quebec City but was killed weeks later, stalling the northern campaign.
1775
American Revolutionary War
Richard Montgomery
Montreal
1833day.year
Great Meteor Storm of 1833.
The Great Meteor Storm of 1833 dazzled observers across North America with a breathtaking display of thousands of shooting stars.
On the night of November 12–13, 1833, the Great Meteor Storm inundated the skies with an estimated 240,000 meteors per hour at its peak. Reports described the event as meteors falling like snowflakes, startling and enchanting witnesses from Canada to the Gulf Coast. The storm belongs to the Leonid meteor shower and rekindled scientific interest in meteoric phenomena. Contemporary newspapers and journals recorded vivid eyewitness accounts, inspiring further astronomical studies. It remains one of the most spectacular meteor events ever documented.
1833
Great Meteor Storm of 1833
1841day.year
James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.
In 1841, Scottish surgeon James Braid witnessed a demonstration of animal magnetism by Charles Lafontaine, sparking his studies that coined the term 'hypnotism'.
James Braid attended a demonstration of Charles Lafontaine's animal magnetism performance on November 13, 1841, at Manchester. Intrigued by the phenomena of trance and suggestibility, Braid began systematic experiments the same day. He concluded that the effects were due to physiological rather than mystical forces. Braid published his seminal work in 1843, introducing the term 'hypnotism' to describe the nervous sleep state. His research laid the foundation for modern hypnotherapy and influenced psychological and medical practices.
1841
James Braid
animal magnetism
Charles Lafontaine
hypnotism
1851day.year
The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, before moving to the other side of Elliott Bay to what would become Seattle.
On November 13, 1851, the Denny Party landed at Alki Point in present-day Seattle, marking the beginning of the city's founding.
The Denny Party, led by Arthur and David Denny, arrived at Alki Point on November 13, 1851, seeking a sheltered harbor on Puget Sound. Facing dense forests and challenging terrain, they prepared to establish a settlement. Within weeks, the settlers moved across Elliott Bay to what they deemed more favorable land, naming it 'New York Alki.' This nascent community grew gradually, attracting more pioneers and becoming the nucleus of modern Seattle. The landing event is celebrated as the symbolic birth of the city.
1851
Denny Party
Alki Point
Seattle
1864day.year
American Civil War: The three-day Battle of Bull's Gap ends in a Union rout as Confederates under Major General John C. Breckinridge pursue them to Strawberry Plains, Tennessee.
In 1864, Confederate forces under Major General John C. Breckinridge defeated Union troops at the Battle of Bull's Gap in Tennessee.
The Battle of Bull's Gap was fought from November 11 to 13, 1864, during the American Civil War's East Tennessee operations. Major General John C. Breckinridge led Confederate cavalry and infantry in a surprise attack on retreating Union forces. After three days of skirmishing and maneuvers, the Union army was routed and pushed back to Strawberry Plains. The victory temporarily disrupted Union supply lines and emboldened Confederate guerrilla activities in the region. However, the Confederates lacked the resources to follow up strategically, and Union forces soon regrouped.
1864
American Civil War
Battle of Bull's Gap
Union
Confederates
John C. Breckinridge
Strawberry Plains, Tennessee
1887day.year
Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.
On 13 November 1887, police violently dispersed an Irish Home Rule demonstration in London's Trafalgar Square, injuring dozens.
On 13 November 1887, a large crowd gathered in London's Trafalgar Square to support the Irish Home Rule movement and protest against coercive legislation.
The demonstration was organized by the Central National Society to demand political reform and concessions from the British government.
Metropolitan Police, acting under orders, charged the unarmed protesters with batons, dispersing the crowd violently.
Dozens of demonstrators and officers were injured and hundreds were arrested as chaos spread across central London.
Dubbed 'Bloody Sunday', the clashes shocked the public and intensified debates over civil liberties and state authority.
The event became a rallying point for Irish nationalists and influenced future political reforms.
1887
Bloody Sunday
central London
1893day.year
13 November stabbing by Léon Léauthier during the Ère des attentats (1892-1894). Influential event for the birth of modern terrorism.
French political activist Léon Léauthier's stabbing attack in Paris marks a key moment in the early history of modern terrorism.
On 13 November 1893, Léon Léauthier, a French political activist, stabbed and killed a Parisian policeman on the Rue Henry IV.
His act was part of the broader 'Ère des attentats', a series of politically motivated attacks that shook France between 1892 and 1894.
Léauthier's motivations remain debated, but his attack attracted widespread media attention and public fear.
The incident prompted the French government to tighten security measures and expand the powers of the police and judiciary.
Historians view this stabbing as a pivotal moment in the evolution of modern terrorism tactics and state countermeasures.
His case influenced later debates over political violence and inspired both imitators and stronger anti-terrorism policies.
1893
13 November stabbing
Léon Léauthier
Ère des attentats