November 15

On November 15, 1988, the Palestinian National Council proclaimed the establishment of the State of Palestine. The declaration was made in Algiers amid the First Intifada and sought international recognition. Commemorations include official ceremonies, cultural events, and lectures on Palestinian history. Citizens and diaspora communities reflect on themes of sovereignty and self-determination. While full diplomatic recognition remains contested, the day remains a symbol of national identity and aspiration.

Republic Proclamation Day commemorates the end of the Brazilian Empire and the establishment of the republic on November 15, 1889. Military officers led a peaceful coup that deposed Emperor Pedro II and installed a provisional government. The day is celebrated with parades, flag-raising ceremonies, and official speeches. Educational programs explore the political and social transformations of the period. Many cities host reenactments and cultural festivals highlighting national history. The observance reinforces civic pride and reflection on Brazil’s democratic development.