November 16

Alexander Kolchak was an Imperial Russian admiral and polar explorer known for his Arctic expeditions in the early 20th century. He served with distinction in the Russo-Japanese War before leading scientific voyages to the far north. After the Bolshevik Revolution, Kolchak emerged as a key figure in the White Movement, declaring himself Supreme Ruler of Russia. He led anti-Bolshevik forces in Siberia before his capture and execution in 1920. His complex legacy remains a subject of historical debate in Russia.

Dietrich Kraiß was a German general who served in both World Wars, rising through the ranks to command divisions in the Wehrmacht. During World War II, he led troops on the Eastern Front, participating in several major battles against Soviet forces. Kraiß was known for his strategic acumen and commitment to his soldiers under harsh conditions. He was killed in action in 1944, leaving behind a record of military leadership during one of history's most brutal conflicts. His career reflects the turbulent era of early 20th-century Europe.