1916day.year
Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn establish Goldwyn Pictures.
Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn founded Goldwyn Pictures in 1916, laying the groundwork for a future Hollywood giant.
In 1916, film producers Samuel Goldwyn and Edgar Selwyn partnered to launch Goldwyn Pictures.
The studio quickly gained fame for high-quality silent films and star-driven productions.
Goldwyn’s emphasis on production values set new industry standards.
In 1924, Goldwyn Pictures merged with Metro Pictures and Louis B. Mayer Productions to form MGM.
This legacy endures in Hollywood’s Golden Age and beyond.
1916
Samuel Goldwyn
Edgar Selwyn
Goldwyn Pictures
1944day.year
World War II: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt announces the sixth War Loan Drive, aimed at selling US$14 billion in war bonds to help pay for the war effort.
President Roosevelt launched the sixth War Loan Drive on November 19, 1944, to raise $14 billion through war bond sales.
Amid the final push against Axis powers, the U.S. government sought civilian support through war bonds.
On November 19, 1944, FDR announced the sixth drive with a $14 billion goal.
Patriotic posters, rallies, and celebrity endorsements spurred public participation.
Funds raised financed military operations and supplies overseas.
The campaign exemplified home-front unity and economic mobilization.
1944
Franklin D. Roosevelt
war bonds
1954day.year
Télé Monte Carlo, Europe's oldest private television channel, is launched by Prince Rainier III.
Prince Rainier III inaugurated Télé Monte Carlo, Europe's first private TV channel, breaking the state monopoly model.
On November 19, 1954, Prince Rainier III of Monaco launched Télé Monte Carlo (TMC), establishing Europe's oldest private television broadcaster. TMC began offering a mix of news, entertainment and cultural programming to audiences in Monaco, southern France and northern Italy. Its creation challenged the prevailing public service broadcasting monopoly, paving the way for privately funded media across the continent. The channel invested in modern production facilities and attracted prominent presenters to build its reputation. Over the decades, TMC has introduced innovative formats and coverage, from live events to original dramas, influencing European television standards. Today, it remains a testament to Monaco's media ambitions and a pioneer in private broadcasting.
1954
Télé Monte Carlo
Rainier III
1967day.year
The establishment of TVB, the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong.
Television Broadcasts Limited began transmissions as Hong Kong's first wireless commercial TV station, reshaping the region's media landscape.
On November 19, 1967, Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) commenced operations as the first wireless commercial television station in Hong Kong. Founded by media mogul Sir Run Run Shaw, TVB offered programming in both Chinese and English, including news, dramas and variety shows. Its arrival ended the era of government monopolies on television broadcasting, introducing competition and innovation to the market. With substantial investment in production studios and on-air talent, TVB quickly captured viewers' attention with high-quality programs. The station played a pivotal role in establishing Hong Kong as a leading entertainment hub in Asia. Over the years, TVB expanded its influence internationally, exporting popular series and shaping regional pop culture.
1967
TVB
television station
1985day.year
Pennzoil wins a US$10.53 billion judgment against Texaco, in the largest civil verdict in the history of the United States, stemming from Texaco executing a contract to buy Getty Oil after Pennzoil had entered into an unsigned, yet still binding, buyout contract with Getty.
Pennzoil wins a record $10.53 billion verdict against Texaco over a Getty Oil takeover dispute.
On November 19, 1985, Pennzoil secured a $10.53 billion judgment against Texaco in what became the largest civil verdict in U.S. history. The legal battle stemmed from Texaco’s acquisition of Getty Oil after Pennzoil had reached an unsigned but binding agreement to purchase the company. The landmark ruling sent shockwaves through the corporate world, highlighting the enforceability of preliminary contracts. Texaco’s aggressive move and the subsequent judgment led to a settlement that reshaped M&A practices. The case underscored the importance of due diligence and contractual clarity in high-stakes transactions. It remains a defining moment in American corporate law and litigation.
Pennzoil
Texaco
largest civil verdict in the history of the United States
Getty Oil
1994day.year
In the United Kingdom, the first National Lottery draw is held. A £1 ticket gave a one-in-14-million chance of correctly guessing the winning six out of 49 numbers.
The first National Lottery draw in the UK takes place, offering a life-changing jackpot for a £1 ticket.
On November 19, 1994, the United Kingdom held its inaugural National Lottery draw, introducing 49 numbered balls and a £1 ticket price. Players had a one-in-14-million chance to match six numbers and claim the jackpot, igniting nationwide excitement. Proceeds from ticket sales were earmarked for public projects, including arts, sports, and heritage initiatives. The lottery quickly became a cultural phenomenon, generating significant revenue for good causes across Britain. Retailers saw a surge in foot traffic, and hopes ran high as winners were announced. The success of the first draw paved the way for an enduring institution that would fund thousands of community projects.
1994
National Lottery