November 20

On November 20, 1947, Princess Elizabeth, heir to the British throne, married Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten in Westminster Abbey, London. The ceremony was a national celebration attended by royalty, dignitaries, and millions of radio broadcast listeners. Elizabeth wore a gown designed by Norman Hartnell, and Philip was bestowed the title Duke of Edinburgh. Their union symbolized post-war hope and continuity for the United Kingdom. The couple’s fairytale wedding was covered extensively by the press and earned worldwide attention. It helped humanize the monarchy during the challenging post-war period. This marriage laid the foundation for over seven decades of their shared public service.

On November 20, 1969, a group of Native American activists landed on Alcatraz Island, claiming it under the Treaty of Fort Laramie as abandoned federal land. The occupation aimed to draw attention to broken treaties and the federal government's treatment of indigenous peoples. For 19 months, activists held the island, opening cultural centers and schools to teach Native American history. The protest united various tribes and inspired similar movements nationwide. Although the government forcibly removed protesters in June 1971, the occupation marked a turning point in Native American activism. It led to policy changes and increased visibility for indigenous issues. Alcatraz remains a symbol of resilience and a milestone in the fight for Native American rights.