November 22

On November 22, 1574, Juan Fernández, navigating for Spain, encountered a cluster of uninhabited islands in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. These islands, situated roughly 400 miles west of mainland Chile, would bear his name. Fernández’s discovery provided vital waypoints for ships traveling between the Americas and Asia. The archipelago’s unique wildlife and vegetation later drew naturalists and inspired tales of castaways, most famously Robinson Crusoe. Strategic as a resupply station, the islands played roles in maritime exploration and trade. Their discovery highlighted Spain’s growing presence in Pacific navigation during the Age of Discovery.