498day.year
After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Palace, while Laurentius is elected Pope in Santa Maria Maggiore.
Following the death of Pope Anastasius II, rival factions elect Symmachus and Laurentius as popes, triggering a major schism in the early Church.
In 498, the passing of Pope Anastasius II led to a disputed papal election in Rome. Symmachus was chosen by clerical supporters at the Lateran Palace, while a rival faction installed Laurentius at Santa Maria Maggiore. This rare dual election reflected deep divisions over theological authority and church governance. Both claimants appealed to the Byzantine emperor for validation, intertwining religious and imperial politics. The resulting schism endured for years, causing instability within the Western Church. Imperial intervention eventually recognized Symmachus, shaping future procedures for selecting the Bishop of Rome.
498
Anastasius II
Symmachus
Lateran Palace
Laurentius
Santa Maria Maggiore
1307day.year
Pope Clement V issues the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae which instructed all Christian monarchs in Europe to arrest all Templars and seize their assets.
Pope Clement V issues Pastoralis Praeeminentiae, ordering European monarchs to arrest Knights Templar members and confiscate their assets.
In 1307, under pressure from King Philip IV of France, Pope Clement V promulgated the papal bull Pastoralis Praeeminentiae. The decree commanded all Christian rulers to detain members of the Knights Templar and seize their extensive properties. Accusations of heresy, financial misconduct, and secret rituals were used to justify the crackdown. Templars across Europe were arrested, tried, and tortured, leading to the dissolution of the once-powerful order. Their vast banking network was dismantled, altering medieval finance and land ownership. The event underscored the complex interplay between papal authority and royal ambition in the late Middle Ages.
1307
Pope Clement V
Pastoralis Praeeminentiae
Templars
1837day.year
Canadian journalist and politician William Lyon Mackenzie calls for a rebellion against the United Kingdom in his essay "To the People of Upper Canada", published in his newspaper The Constitution.
William Lyon Mackenzie publishes a call for rebellion against British rule in Upper Canada, advocating for political reform and self-governance.
In 1837, William Lyon Mackenzie, a fiery journalist and politician, authored the essay "To the People of Upper Canada," decrying colonial injustices under British rule. Published in The Constitution, his newspaper, the essay urged citizens to rise up for responsible government and civil liberties. Mackenzie’s impassioned words galvanized reformers and set the stage for the Upper Canada Rebellion later that year. Though the uprising was swiftly quelled by colonial forces, it exposed governance flaws and public discontent. The British government responded by sending Lord Durham to investigate, eventually leading to critical reforms. Mackenzie’s activism thus played a pivotal role in Canada’s journey toward self-government.
1837
William Lyon Mackenzie
rebellion
Upper Canada
1943day.year
World War II: Cairo Conference: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo, Egypt, to discuss ways to defeat Japan.
Allied leaders Roosevelt, Churchill, and Chiang Kai-shek meet in Cairo to plan the defeat of Japan and postwar Asia.
From 22 to 26 November 1943, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chinese Premier Chiang Kai-shek convened at the Cairo Conference in Egypt. The three leaders discussed coordinated military strategies against Japan, reaffirmed their commitment to unconditional Japanese surrender, and planned the postwar order in Asia. They issued the Cairo Declaration, which called for the restoration of territories seized by Japan and respect for the sovereignty of liberated nations. The conference laid the groundwork for Allied cooperation in the Pacific and signaled the growing role of China in the postwar world. Decisions reached at Cairo influenced the eventual shape of East Asia after World War II.
1943
Cairo Conference
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Winston Churchill
Chiang Kai-shek
Cairo
1943day.year
Lebanon gains independence from France, nearly two years after it was first announced by the Free French government.
Lebanon attains full independence from the French mandate after diplomatic pressure and internal protests.
Although France had proclaimed Lebanon’s independence in 1941, true sovereignty remained elusive under the mandate system. On 22 November 1943, following arrests and protests led by President Bechara El Khoury and Premier Riad Al Solh, French authorities capitulated and released Lebanese leaders. The Lebanese parliament then ratified a new constitution, officially declaring the end of French control. International pressure from Britain and the United States played a critical role in securing independence. This landmark day established Lebanon as a modern republic and set the stage for its future development as a multicultural nation.
Lebanon
Free French
1963day.year
U.S. President John F. Kennedy is assassinated and Texas Governor John Connally is seriously wounded by Lee Harvey Oswald, who also kills Dallas Police officer J. D. Tippit after fleeing the scene. Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th President of the United States afterwards.
President John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas; Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson is sworn in as the 36th U.S. President.
On 22 November 1963, President John F. Kennedy was fatally shot while riding in an open motorcade through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested and charged with the assassination and later killed Dallas Police officer J. D. Tippit during his escape attempt. Governor John Connally, also in the limousine, was seriously wounded by the gunfire. Shortly after Kennedy’s death, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson took the oath of office aboard Air Force One. The shocking event sent the nation and the world into mourning, triggered the Warren Commission investigation, and had a profound impact on American politics and culture.
1963
John F. Kennedy
assassinated
Texas
John Connally
Lee Harvey Oswald
J. D. Tippit
Lyndon B. Johnson
sworn in
President of the United States
1967day.year
UN Security Council Resolution 242 is adopted, establishing a set of the principles aimed at guiding negotiations for an Arab–Israeli peace settlement.
UN Security Council Resolution 242 was adopted on November 22, 1967, laying out principles for Arab–Israeli peace negotiations.
On November 22, 1967, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 242 following the Six-Day War.
The resolution called for the withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied during the conflict.
It emphasized the need for a just and lasting peace in the Middle East and the right of all states in the region to live in peace within secure boundaries.
Resolution 242 became a cornerstone document in subsequent Arab–Israeli peace efforts and negotiations.
Its ambiguity regarding the extent of withdrawal has been a focal point in diplomatic discussions ever since.
1967
UN Security Council Resolution 242
Arab
Israeli
1975day.year
Juan Carlos is declared King of Spain following the death of Francisco Franco.
Juan Carlos was proclaimed King of Spain on November 22, 1975, succeeding the late dictator Francisco Franco.
Following the death of Francisco Franco, Spain’s dictator since 1939, Juan Carlos was declared King on November 22, 1975.
His accession marked the beginning of Spain's transition to democracy after decades of authoritarian rule.
King Juan Carlos I played a pivotal role in guiding the country through constitutional reforms and the establishment of a parliamentary monarchy.
He famously thwarted an attempted coup in 1981, solidifying his support among Spaniards.
His reign oversaw Spain's integration into the European Community and its modernization on the world stage.
1975
Juan Carlos
King of Spain
Francisco Franco
1990day.year
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher withdraws from the Conservative Party leadership election, confirming the end of her Prime-Ministership.
Margaret Thatcher withdrew from the Conservative Party leadership race on November 22, 1990, ending her tenure as UK Prime Minister.
On November 22, 1990, Margaret Thatcher announced her resignation as leader of the Conservative Party after a challenge within her party.
Her decision followed a period of political tension over her leadership style and policies, including the unpopular Community Charge (poll tax).
Thatcher served as Britain’s first female Prime Minister since 1979 and was known as the 'Iron Lady' for her firm convictions.
Her resignation concluded over a decade of transformative but divisive governance in the United Kingdom.
She left office with a mixed legacy of economic reforms, foreign policy achievements, and domestic controversy.
1990
Prime Minister
Margaret Thatcher
Conservative Party leadership election
Prime-Ministership
2004day.year
The Orange Revolution begins in Ukraine, resulting from the presidential elections.
Mass protests erupted across Ukraine over disputed presidential election results, marking the beginning of the Orange Revolution.
On November 22, 2004, hundreds of thousands of Ukrainians took to the streets to protest alleged electoral fraud in the presidential election.
The movement, led by opposition candidate Viktor Yushchenko and symbolized by the color orange, demanded fair vote counting and political reform.
Crowds gathered in Kiev's Independence Square, voicing their rejection of the initial results favoring Viktor Yanukovych.
International observers expressed concerns over the legitimacy of the election, increasing pressure on the government.
After weeks of sustained peaceful demonstrations, Ukraine's Supreme Court annulled the election results and ordered a rerun.
The Orange Revolution significantly reshaped Ukraine's political landscape and inspired democratic movements across Eastern Europe.
2004
Orange Revolution
Ukraine