November 25

Merab Mamardashvili (1930-1990) was a Georgian philosopher whose work explored the structures of consciousness and subjectivity. He studied at Moscow State University under prominent Soviet scholars and became a professor at Tbilisi State University. Mamardashvili developed theories on the interplay between language and thought, emphasizing the active role of the subject in constructing reality. He authored influential books including 'The Poetics of Thought' and delivered popular lectures that brought philosophy to a wider audience. His intellectual legacy remains central to post-Soviet philosophical discourse in Georgia. He is remembered for bridging Eastern and Western philosophical traditions and inspiring generations of students.

Nelson Goodman (1906-1998) was an American philosopher whose scholarly work reshaped discussions in the philosophy of science, art, and language. He taught at institutions such as the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University, where he influenced generations of students and colleagues. Goodman's seminal book 'Fact, Fiction, and Forecast' introduced the 'new riddle of induction', challenging traditional views of scientific reasoning. In 'Languages of Art', he developed a theory of aesthetic symbolization that remains influential in art philosophy. His interdisciplinary approach bridged logic, epistemology, and cultural studies. Goodman's prolific output and rigorous analysis solidified his reputation as one of the 20th century's leading thinkers on knowledge and representation.

Born in 1954, Peter Lipton was a leading philosopher at the University of Cambridge specializing in scientific reasoning. He developed influential theories on inference to the best explanation and the role of analogy in scientific discovery. Lipton authored the seminal book 'Inference to the Best Explanation,' shaping debates in epistemology and philosophy of science. He served as Master of St John's College, Cambridge, and mentored numerous scholars. His interdisciplinary approach bridged philosophy, cognitive science, and history of science until his death in 2007.