1034day.year
Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots, dies. His grandson, Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, inherits the throne.
In 1034, King Máel Coluim mac Cináeda of Scotland died, and his grandson Donnchad inherited the Scottish throne.
In 1034, King Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (Malcolm II) passed away after a reign marked by consolidation of royal authority.
Having no surviving sons, the throne passed to his daughter's son, Donnchad, in accordance with dynastic arrangements.
Donnchad, son of Bethóc and Crínán of Dunkeld, ascended amid a period of clan rivalries and shifting alliances.
His succession maintained continuity but also set the stage for future disputes among Scottish nobility.
This transition illustrates the complex inheritance customs of early medieval Scotland.
1034
Máel Coluim mac Cináeda
King of Scots
Donnchad
Bethóc
Crínán of Dunkeld
1400day.year
King Minkhaung I becomes king of Ava.
In 1400, Minkhaung I ascended to the throne as king of the Ava Kingdom in present-day Myanmar.
In 1400, Minkhaung I became king of the rising Ava Kingdom following the death of his predecessor.
His reign marked an era of territorial expansion and consolidation in central Burma (Myanmar).
Minkhaung fostered Buddhist scholarship and patronized the construction of temples and pagodas.
He also engaged in military campaigns against rival states such as Hanthawaddy Pegu.
His leadership laid the foundations for Ava's prominence in 15th-century Southeast Asia.
1400
Minkhaung I
Ava
1487day.year
Elizabeth of York is crowned Queen of England.
In 1487, Elizabeth of York was crowned Queen of England as the wife of King Henry VII.
On November 25, 1487, Elizabeth of York was crowned queen consort at Westminster Abbey.
Her marriage to Henry VII united the feuding houses of York and Lancaster, ending the Wars of the Roses.
Elizabeth's coronation symbolized the establishment of the Tudor dynasty and a new era of political stability.
As queen, she influenced the royal court and produced heirs, securing the Tudor succession.
She is remembered for her grace and role in forging dynastic peace in England.
1487
Elizabeth of York
Queen of England
1491day.year
The siege of Granada, the last Moorish stronghold in Spain, ends with the Treaty of Granada.
In 1491, the Siege of Granada ended with the signing of the Treaty of Granada, ending Moorish rule in Spain.
In 1491, the surrender of Granada concluded nearly 800 years of Muslim rule in Iberia.
The Treaty of Granada granted terms of safe conduct and religious freedom to the defeated Nasrid rulers and their subjects.
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella's forces marched into the city, marking the completion of the Reconquista.
Despite initial protections, subsequent policies eroded the treaty's guarantees, leading to forced conversions.
The fall of Granada transformed Spain and paved the way for its future as a united Christian kingdom.
1491
siege of Granada
Moorish
Treaty of Granada
1755day.year
King Ferdinand VI of Spain grants royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, now known as the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.
In 1755, King Ferdinand VI of Spain granted royal protection to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, elevating its status and leading to the formation of the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary.
In 1755, King Ferdinand VI of Spain issued a royal decree granting formal protection and patronage to the Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus, an early community of Filipino women under Jesuit guidance. The decree enhanced the beaterio's legal status and allowed it to own property and receive funding for charitable works. Over time, this foundation evolved into the Congregation of the Religious of the Virgin Mary, the first pontifical Filipino female religious institute. The royal protection also safeguarded the community from secular interference during periods of political upheaval. As the congregation expanded its educational and social missions, it established schools and orphanages across the Philippines. Today, the RVM continues its work in education and healthcare, reflecting its 18th-century origins and royal support.
1755
Ferdinand VI of Spain
Religious of the Virgin Mary
1795day.year
Partitions of Poland: Stanisław August Poniatowski, the last king of independent Poland, is forced to abdicate and is exiled to Russia.
Facing the Third Partition, King Stanisław August Poniatowski abdicated the Polish throne and was exiled to Russia in 1795, ending Poland’s independence.
In November 1795, King Stanisław August Poniatowski signed his abdication under pressure from Russia, Prussia, and Austria, marking the Third Partition of Poland. The move erased the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from the map of Europe for 123 years. Poniatowski, a champion of political and cultural reforms, was exiled to Saint Petersburg, where he spent his final years under surveillance. His departure reflected the overwhelming geopolitical forces arrayed against his efforts to modernize the state. The disappearance of Poland as a sovereign nation sparked outrage and inspired future uprisings among Polish patriots. Exiled nobles, intellectuals, and soldiers formed a diaspora that continued to agitate for national restoration. The tragic abdication of Poniatowski remains a powerful symbol of resilience in Polish history.
1795
Partitions of Poland
Stanisław August Poniatowski
abdicate
1826day.year
The Greek frigate Hellas arrives in Nafplion to become the first flagship of the Hellenic Navy.
In 1826, the Greek frigate 'Hellas' arrived in Nafplion, becoming the first flagship of the newly formed Hellenic Navy.
In November 1826, the frigate Hellas arrived at Nafplion to become the first flagship of the Hellenic Navy during the Greek War of Independence. Built in Venice and acquired through international support, Hellas symbolized the nascent Greek state's naval aspirations against Ottoman rule. The frigate played a crucial role in securing sea lanes, transporting diplomats and supplies, and supporting coastal operations. Despite maintenance challenges and political disputes, Hellas bolstered Greek morale and international recognition of Greece's independence struggle. Its service laid the groundwork for the modern Hellenic Navy, inspiring subsequent vessel acquisitions. Today, memorials and replicas honor Hellas as a cornerstone of Greece's maritime heritage and fight for sovereignty.
1826
Greek frigate Hellas
Nafplion
flagship
Hellenic Navy
1874day.year
The United States Greenback Party is established as a political party consisting primarily of farmers affected by the Panic of 1873.
On November 25, 1874, the Greenback Party formed to champion the interests of farmers and laborers affected by the Panic of 1873.
In the wake of the Panic of 1873, American farmers and laborers faced severe deflation and mounting debts.
On November 25, 1874, representatives of agricultural and labor interests met to found the Greenback Party.
They advocated for the continued issuance of paper money unbacked by gold to inflate currency and ease debt burdens.
The new party positioned itself against mainstream Republicans and Democrats on monetary policy.
Although the Greenback Party won few elections, it galvanized grassroots support in the Midwest and South.
Its advocacy helped shape later populist and progressive reforms in American economic policy.
1874
Greenback Party
political party
Panic of 1873
1905day.year
Prince Carl of Denmark arrives in Norway to become King Haakon VII of Norway.
Prince Carl of Denmark arrived in Norway on November 25, 1905, to be crowned King Haakon VII following the nation's independence.
Following Norway's peaceful separation from Sweden, its parliament invited Prince Carl of Denmark to become monarch.
He accepted the offer and adopted the regnal name Haakon VII.
On November 25, 1905, he arrived in Christiania amid cheering crowds and royal fanfare.
His marriage to Princess Maud of Wales further solidified ties with European royalty.
As king, Haakon guided Norway through modernization and upheld neutrality during World War I.
His reign laid the foundations for Norway's modern constitutional monarchy.
1905
King Haakon VII of Norway
1918day.year
Vojvodina, formerly Austro-Hungarian crown land, proclaims its secession from Austria-Hungary to join the Kingdom of Serbia.
Vojvodina declared its secession from Austria-Hungary and joined the Kingdom of Serbia on November 25, 1918, reshaping post-WWI borders.
As the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved at the end of World War I, regions declared new allegiances.
On November 25, 1918, the assembly of Vojvodina proclaimed secession from Austria-Hungary.
Delegates then voted to join the Kingdom of Serbia, seeking political unity with ethnic kin.
This move contributed to the formation of the new Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes.
The integration reflected the region's diverse ethnic makeup of Serbs, Slovaks, Romanians, and Hungarians.
The proclamation set the stage for Vojvodina's autonomy within the Yugoslav state framework.
1918
Vojvodina
Austro-Hungarian
Kingdom of Serbia
1936day.year
In Berlin, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, agreeing to consult on measures "to safeguard their common interests" in the case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation.
Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact in Berlin, pledging to cooperate against perceived Soviet aggression.
On November 25, 1936, representatives of Germany and Japan convened in Berlin to sign the Anti-Comintern Pact. This agreement aimed to counter the influence of the Soviet-led Communist International (Comintern) by pledging mutual consultation and cooperation. Though primarily directed against the Soviet Union, the pact also signaled the growing alignment of Germany and Japan's militaristic regimes. Signatories committed to sharing intelligence and coordinating diplomatic measures in the event of an unprovoked attack by the USSR. The pact later served as the foundation for the Tripartite Pact when Italy joined, solidifying the Axis Powers. Historians view this treaty as a critical step in the anti-communist alliances leading up to World War II. Its signing in Berlin marked a deepening of strategic ties between two major powers on the eve of global conflict.
1936
Berlin
Germany
Anti-Comintern Pact
Soviet Union
1943day.year
World War II: Statehood of Bosnia and Herzegovina is re-established at the State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
The State Anti-fascist Council reconvenes to re-establish Bosnia and Herzegovina's statehood during World War II.
On November 25, 1943, the State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ZAVNOBiH) convened to formalize the republic's status. Delegates declared the re-establishment of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a constituent republic within the Yugoslav federation. This affirmation reinforced the region's territorial integrity and equality among its diverse communities under antifascist governance. The decision stood as a powerful rebuke to Axis occupation and shaped the political landscape of postwar Yugoslavia. ZAVNOBiH's resolutions laid the legal foundation for Bosnia and Herzegovina's postwar autonomy and institutional structure. The council's collaborative message sought to unite Serbs, Croats, and Muslims in a common antifascist struggle. This moment is celebrated as a cornerstone of modern Bosnian statehood and interethnic cooperation.
1943
Bosnia and Herzegovina
State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Bosnia and Herzegovina