587day.year
Treaty of Andelot: King Guntram of Burgundy recognizes Childebert II as his heir.
The Treaty of Andelot secured Childebert II’s recognition as heir to the Burgundian throne under King Guntram.
On 11 November 587, King Guntram of Burgundy formally recognized his young nephew Childebert II as his heir under the Treaty of Andelot. This agreement ended years of dynastic uncertainty within the Merovingian realm and strengthened political alliances in Gaul. The treaty defined shared responsibilities for defending Burgundian territories and provided stipulations for territorial succession. It marked a significant consolidation of royal power and set precedents for later medieval inheritance treaties. Childebert II would go on to inherit Burgundy and Austrasia, shaping the early Carolingian era’s political landscape.
587
Treaty of Andelot
Guntram
Burgundy
Childebert II
936day.year
Shi Jingtang is enthroned as the first emperor of the Later Jin by Emperor Taizong of Liao, following a revolt against Emperor Fei of Later Tang.
Shi Jingtang was installed as the first emperor of Later Jin under the sponsorship of the Liao dynasty after overthrowing the Later Tang.
On 11 November 936, Shi Jingtang ascended the throne as the inaugural emperor of the Later Jin thanks to military support from Emperor Taizong of the Liao dynasty. His revolt against the Later Tang led to a realignment of power in northern China, establishing the Later Jin as a new regime. The enthronement ceremony highlighted the intricate diplomacy between the Khitan Liao and the Shatuo Turks, who backed Shi’s claim. This event marked the beginning of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period’s complex interplay of alliances and rivalries. Shi’s reign would shape regional politics and set the stage for future dynastic transitions in the Chinese heartland.
936
Shi Jingtang
Later Jin
Emperor Taizong of Liao
Emperor Fei
Later Tang
1785day.year
The first Treaty of Hopewell is signed, by which the United States acknowledges Cherokee lands in what is now East Tennessee.
The United States signed the first Treaty of Hopewell, recognizing Cherokee territorial rights in East Tennessee.
On 11 November 1785, negotiators from the United States and the Cherokee Nation finalized the first Treaty of Hopewell at a frontier post in South Carolina. The agreement formally recognized Cherokee sovereignty over lands in present-day East Tennessee and established boundaries for future relations. Intended to secure peace on the expanding American frontier, the treaty set provisions for trade, legal jurisdiction, and mutual obligations. Despite its diplomatic intentions, continued settler encroachment and differing interpretations led to further conflicts and treaty revisions. The Treaty of Hopewell remains a foundational document in the history of US-Native American relations and frontier policy.
1785
Treaty of Hopewell
Cherokee
East Tennessee
1821day.year
Panama Independence Day: Panama separates from Spain and joins Gran Colombia.
Panama declared independence from Spain in 1821 and immediately joined the Republic of Gran Colombia, marking the birth of its national identity.
On November 28, 1821, Panama formally broke away from Spanish colonial rule and opted to become part of Gran Colombia, a union championed by Simón Bolívar. Local leaders convened in Panama City to sign the Act of Independence, peacefully ushering in a new political era. By aligning with Gran Colombia, Panama linked its future to the broader independence movements sweeping northern South America. The decision promised greater security, trade opportunities, and political solidarity across the region. Though the union would later dissolve, 1821 stands as a foundational moment in Panamanian history. Today, November 28 is celebrated nationwide as Panama’s Independence Day, honoring the courage and vision of its early patriots.
1821
Panama Independence Day
Gran Colombia
1843day.year
Ka Lā Hui (Hawaiian Independence Day): The Kingdom of Hawaii is officially recognized by the United Kingdom and France as an independent nation.
On November 28, 1843, the United Kingdom and France formally recognized the Kingdom of Hawaii’s sovereignty, securing its place as an independent nation.
In 1843, at the culmination of diplomatic efforts by King Kamehameha III, British and French representatives signed treaties recognizing Hawaiian independence. The formal acknowledgments followed years of pressure from European powers seeking influence in the Pacific. The recognition ensured that Hawaii would not be annexed by a colonial empire and reinforced the kingdom’s position in international relations. The event is commemorated as Ka Lā Hui, or Hawaiian Independence Day, celebrating the resilience and diplomatic skill of its monarchy. This milestone allowed Hawaii to negotiate further treaties, establish consular missions, and engage in global trade. The 1843 recognition laid the groundwork for Hawaii’s unique status until its eventual annexation by the United States in 1898.
1843
Ka Lā Hui (Hawaiian Independence Day)
Kingdom of Hawaii
1905day.year
Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founds Sinn Féin as a political party with the main aim of establishing a dual monarchy in Ireland.
Irish nationalist Arthur Griffith founded Sinn Féin on November 28, 1905 to pursue Irish self-governance under a dual monarchy.
On November 28, 1905, Arthur Griffith launched Sinn Féin as a political movement advocating Irish self-government through a dual monarchy with Britain. Griffith envisioned a legislative separation while retaining symbolic ties to the British crown. The new party attracted support from nationalist circles and emphasized abstentionism from the British Parliament. Sinn Féin's founding signaled a shift toward more assertive demands for Irish autonomy and set the stage for its later prominence in the struggle for independence. Over time, the movement would evolve and play a central role in the establishment of the Irish Free State.
1905
Arthur Griffith
Sinn Féin
political party
1912day.year
Albania declares its independence from the Ottoman Empire.
Albania declared its independence from the Ottoman Empire on November 28, 1912, establishing itself as a sovereign nation.
On November 28, 1912, Albanian leaders gathered in the town of Vlorë to declare independence from the waning Ottoman Empire. Ismail Qemali raised the national flag and formed a provisional government, asserting Albania's sovereignty. The declaration occurred amidst the First Balkan War and reflected growing Albanian nationalism. European powers later recognized Albania's independence at the London Conference in 1913, though borders remained contested. This bold step initiated the formation of Albania's modern state institutions and national identity. November 28 is now celebrated as Albania's Independence Day, a major national holiday marking its emergence on the world stage.
1912
Albania
declares its independence
Ottoman Empire
1917day.year
The Estonian Provincial Assembly declares itself the sovereign power of Estonia.
On November 28, 1917, the Estonian Provincial Assembly proclaimed itself the sovereign authority of Estonia.
On November 28, 1917, the Estonian Provincial Assembly (Maapäev) convened in Tallinn and declared itself the highest power in the territory of Estonia. This assertion came after the Bolshevik Revolution destabilized Russian rule, enabling Estonian leaders to push for autonomy. The proclamation laid the political groundwork for full independence and mobilized support among Estonian nationalists. The move challenged Soviet authority and set Estonia on a path toward self-governance. Subsequent events, including foreign occupation and armed struggle, would test the resolve of the emerging nation. Nevertheless, the assembly's declaration is remembered as a pivotal step in Estonia's journey to statehood.
1917
Estonian Provincial Assembly
Estonia
1919day.year
Lady Astor is elected as a Member of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. She is the first woman to sit in the House of Commons. (Countess Markievicz, the first to be elected, refused to sit.)
Lady Nancy Astor became the first woman to take a seat in the UK House of Commons on November 28, 1919.
On November 28, 1919, Lady Nancy Astor won a by-election and took her seat in the British House of Commons, becoming the first woman to serve as an MP. Earlier that year, Countess Markievicz had been elected but abstained from taking her seat in line with Sinn Féin policy. Astor's presence in Parliament broke centuries-old gender barriers and symbolized progress in women's political rights. As a Conservative MP, she focused on social reform, temperance, and public welfare. Her tenure spurred greater female participation in British politics and influenced subsequent suffrage movements. Astor's achievement remains a landmark in the history of women's representation in government.
1919
Lady Astor
Parliament of the United Kingdom
House of Commons
Countess Markievicz
1943day.year
World War II: Tehran Conference: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin meet in Tehran, Iran, to discuss war strategy.
On November 28, 1943, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin convened in Tehran to coordinate Allied strategy for World War II.
The Tehran Conference marked the first meeting of the “Big Three” Allied leaders.
Over two weeks, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill, and Premier Stalin discussed plans for a Western front in Europe.
They laid the groundwork for Operation Overlord, setting the stage for the 1944 Normandy landings.
Conversations also addressed postwar boundaries, the fate of Germany, and Soviet entry into the war against Japan.
Held in the midst of global conflict, the conference showcased Allied cooperation amid underlying tensions.
Its outcomes shaped both military operations and the postwar geopolitical order.
1943
World War II
Tehran Conference
President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
Premier
Joseph Stalin
Tehran, Iran
1958day.year
Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon become autonomous republics within the French Community.
On November 28, 1958, Chad, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon voted to become autonomous republics in the French Community.
Under the new French Constitution of 1958, territories could choose autonomy within the French Community.
Chad, Congo, and Gabon held referendums and opted for this status on November 28, 1958.
This arrangement granted internal self-governance while maintaining close ties to France in defense and foreign affairs.
The decision reflected shifting attitudes toward colonial rule and rising nationalist movements.
Within two years, all three states achieved full independence, transforming the political landscape of Central Africa.
The 1958 autonomy marked a critical transition toward sovereignty and nation-building.
1958
Chad
Republic of the Congo
Gabon
French Community
1960day.year
Mauritania becomes independent of France.
On November 28, 1960, Mauritania declared its independence from France.
Following a 1958 referendum on autonomy, Mauritania negotiated terms of full sovereignty.
On November 28, 1960, President Moktar Ould Daddah proclaimed the nation’s independence from French colonial rule.
The new government faced challenges of building institutions and uniting disparate ethnic groups.
Mauritania’s independence was part of the broader African decolonization wave of the 1960s.
Though ties with France remained, including economic and military assistance, the country charted its own course.
This historic milestone marked the beginning of Mauritania’s journey as a sovereign state.
1960
Mauritania