528day.year
Antioch suffers its second major earthquake in two years, killing thousands and destroying its remaining edifice.
A powerful earthquake strikes Antioch on November 29, 528, its second in two years, razing much of the city and killing thousands.
On November 29, 528, the ancient city of Antioch was struck by a powerful earthquake, marking its second major seismic event within two years.
The tremor leveled much of the remaining city, toppling walls, temples, and civic buildings.
Thousands of inhabitants perished as homes and marketplaces collapsed without warning.
Survivors faced a dire aftermath amid widespread ruins and disease.
Antioch, a major cultural and commercial hub of the Eastern Roman Empire, struggled to rebuild amid ongoing aftershocks and political instability.
The disaster exposed the vulnerability of urban centers to repeated seismic activity and influenced subsequent Byzantine engineering and emergency responses.
528
second major earthquake
561day.year
Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne, his four sons, Charibert I, Guntram, Sigebert I and Chilperic I, divide the Frankish Kingdom.
After King Chlothar I's death at Compiègne on November 29, 561, his four sons divided the Frankish Kingdom among themselves.
Following the death of King Chlothar I at Compiègne on November 29, 561, the Merovingian Kingdom was divided among his four sons.
Charibert I received Paris and Neustria, Guntram inherited Burgundy, Sigebert I obtained Austrasia, and Chilperic I took Soissons.
This partition marked the beginning of fractious relations and rivalries that would define Frankish politics for decades.
The division of territory reinforced the tradition of partible inheritance among the Merovingians.
It set the stage for frequent power struggles, alliances, and shifting loyalties among the Frankish nobility.
These internal divisions would later influence the consolidation efforts of the Carolingian dynasty.
561
Chlothar I
Compiègne
Charibert I
Guntram
Sigebert I
Chilperic I
Frankish Kingdom
618day.year
The Tang dynasty scores a decisive victory over their rival Xue Rengao at the Battle of Qianshuiyuan.
The Tang forces defeated Xue Rengao at the Battle of Qianshuiyuan on November 29, 618, securing control over northern China.
On November 29, 618, the Tang dynasty achieved a decisive victory over the forces of rival warlord Xue Rengao at the Battle of Qianshuiyuan.
This clash was crucial in consolidating the Tang's control over northern China following the collapse of the Sui dynasty.
The Tang commander Li Yuan's strategic maneuvers outflanked Xue's army in the Wei River valley.
Xue Rengao's defeat ended his brief reign over the Qin region and removed a major obstacle to Tang unification.
The victory bolstered the Tang court's legitimacy and paved the way for Emperor Gaozu to establish one of China's greatest dynasties.
The battle demonstrated the effectiveness of Tang military reforms and command structure.
618
Tang dynasty
Xue Rengao
Battle of Qianshuiyuan
903day.year
The Abbasid army under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib defeats the Qarmatians at the Battle of Hama.
On November 29, 903, Abbasid troops under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib defeated the Qarmatians at Hama, restoring caliphal authority in Syria.
Abbasid forces under Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib confronted the Qarmatians at the Battle of Hama on November 29, 903.
The Abbasid army decisively defeated the radical Qarmatian sect, reclaiming control over central Syria.
The victory disrupted Qarmatian raids that had threatened pilgrimage routes and trade networks.
Muhammad ibn Sulayman's leadership showcased the caliphate's ability to mobilize provincial armies effectively.
This triumph reinforced Abbasid authority in the Levant during a period of internal and external challenges.
It also curtailed the Qarmatians' influence south of the Euphrates for generations.
903
Abbasid
Muhammad ibn Sulayman al-Katib
Qarmatians
Battle of Hama
1114day.year
A large earthquake damages the areas of the Crusaders in the Middle East. Antioch, Mamistra, Marash and Edessa are hit by the shocks.
A major earthquake on November 29, 1114, shook Crusader strongholds in the Middle East, damaging cities from Antioch to Edessa.
On November 29, 1114, a large earthquake shook the Crusader states in the Middle East, damaging key fortresses and settlements.
Cities including Antioch, Mamistra, Marash, and Edessa suffered collapsed walls and shattered homes.
The tremors disrupted Crusader supply lines and weakened defensive positions against Muslim counterattacks.
Thousands of inhabitants and soldiers were injured or killed as buildings crumbled without warning.
The disaster compounded the region's unstable politics and hampered the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem's stability.
Reconstruction efforts strained limited resources amid ongoing military conflicts.
1114
A large earthquake
Middle East
Antioch
Mamistra
Marash
Edessa
1549day.year
The papal conclave of 1549–50 begins.
The papal conclave of 1549–50 began on November 29, 1549, as cardinals convened to elect a successor to Pope Paul III.
The papal conclave of 1549–50 began on November 29, 1549, following the death of Pope Paul III.
Cardinals from across Europe convened in the Vatican amid intense political rivalry between French and Spanish factions.
The election took place against the backdrop of the Protestant Reformation and the Council of Trent's early sessions.
Diplomatic negotiations and demands for church reform heavily influenced the deliberations.
The lengthy conclave reflected the challenge of balancing spiritual leadership with temporal power.
It ultimately shaped the direction of the Catholic Church during a critical era of religious upheaval.
1549
papal conclave of 1549–50
1612day.year
The Battle of Swally takes place, which loosens the Portuguese Empire's hold on India.
The Battle of Swally on November 29, 1612, saw English East India Company ships defeat the Portuguese fleet, undermining Portugal's trade monopoly in India.
The Battle of Swally occurred on November 29, 1612, as the English East India Company fleet clashed with Portuguese naval forces near Surat.
Despite Portugal's long-standing maritime dominance, the English secured a tactical victory in the Arabian Sea.
This naval engagement eroded the Portuguese Empire's monopoly on Indian Ocean trade.
The outcome opened the door for the English East India Company to expand its commercial foothold in India.
It marked a turning point in European competition for Asian spice and textile markets.
The battle exemplified the growing importance of joint-stock companies in global commerce.
1612
Battle of Swally
Portuguese Empire
1729day.year
Natchez Indians massacre 138 Frenchmen, 35 French women, and 56 children at Fort Rosalie, near the site of modern-day Natchez, Mississippi.
On November 29, 1729, Natchez Indians attacked Fort Rosalie, massacring French settlers and igniting the Natchez War in colonial Mississippi.
On November 29, 1729, Natchez Indians launched a surprise attack on Fort Rosalie, near present-day Natchez, Mississippi.
They massacred 138 Frenchmen, 35 women, and 56 children, sparking the Natchez War with the French colonists.
The raid was driven by tensions over land, trade, and colonization pressures in the lower Mississippi Valley.
Fort Rosalie's fall demonstrated the resilience and strategic acumen of the Natchez people.
In response, the French raised a military force that ultimately decimated Natchez settlements.
The conflict reshaped the balance of power between indigenous tribes and European settlers in colonial North America.
1729
Natchez Indians
massacre
Fort Rosalie
Natchez, Mississippi
1732day.year
The magnitude 6.6 Irpinia earthquake causes 1,940 deaths in the former Kingdom of Naples, southern Italy.
A magnitude 6.6 earthquake struck Irpinia in southern Italy on November 29, 1732, causing nearly two thousand fatalities.
On November 29, 1732, the Irpinia region of southern Italy was struck by a magnitude 6.6 earthquake.
The tremor devastated towns across the former Kingdom of Naples, including Avellino and Salerno.
Buildings collapsed throughout the countryside, leaving nearly two thousand people dead.
Survivors faced harsh winter conditions amid ruined homes and scant relief efforts.
The disaster prompted improvements in seismic building practices and local administration of aid.
It remains one of the deadliest earthquakes in Italian history.
1732
Irpinia earthquake
Kingdom of Naples
Italy
1776day.year
During the American Revolutionary War, the Battle of Fort Cumberland, Nova Scotia, comes to an end with the arrival of British reinforcements.
British reinforcements relieved Fort Cumberland in Nova Scotia on November 29, 1776, ending the siege during the American Revolutionary War.
During the American Revolutionary War on November 29, 1776, the siege of Fort Cumberland in Nova Scotia ended with British reinforcements relieving the garrison.
American privateers and local insurgents had besieged the fort in an effort to spread rebellion to British North America.
The arrival of Royal Navy ships and troops forced the besiegers to withdraw.
The British victory secured Nova Scotia against revolutionary incursions.
It demonstrated the strategic importance of naval power in maintaining colonial supply lines.
Fort Cumberland remained a key defensive position for the British throughout the war.
1776
American Revolutionary War
Battle of Fort Cumberland
Nova Scotia
1777day.year
San Jose, California, is founded as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe by José Joaquín Moraga. It is the first civilian settlement, or pueblo, in Alta California.
Spanish explorer José Joaquín Moraga establishes Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe, the first civilian settlement in Alta California.
On November 29, 1777, Governor Felipe de Neve and José Joaquín Moraga founded San Jose as Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe.
It became the first civilian town in the region previously reserved for military presidios and missions.
Moraga led settlers to cultivate the land and establish government structures.
The pueblo's founding set a precedent for Spanish colonial expansion in Alta California.
Over time, San Jose grew into a major cultural and economic center in the American West.
Today, it is known as the heart of Silicon Valley, reflecting its lasting legacy from colonial origins.
1777
San Jose, California
José Joaquín Moraga
Alta California
1781day.year
The crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 54 Africans by dumping them into the sea to claim insurance, beginning the Zong massacre.
Crew of the British slave ship Zong murders 54 African captives by throwing them overboard to claim insurance, igniting outrage that fueled the abolitionist movement.
On November 29, 1781, the crew of the British slave ship Zong deliberately threw 54 African captives into the sea.
They sought to claim insurance compensation for 'lost cargo' when the ship faced shortages.
News of the massacre reached London and shocked public opinion.
The subsequent court case brought moral questions about slavery and insurance law to the fore.
Campaigners like Granville Sharp used the outrage to advance the abolitionist cause.
The Zong case became a symbol of the inhumanity of the transatlantic slave trade and influenced its eventual legal end.
1781
insurance
Zong massacre