November 30
Overview
Holidays & Observances
Bonifacio Day(Philippines)
A national public holiday in the Philippines commemorating the birth and legacy of revolutionary leader Andrés Bonifacio.
Christianfeast day:
Andrewand itsrelated observances., Joseph Marchand(one ofVietnamese Martyrs), November 30 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
Various Christian feast days are observed on November 30, including the Feast of St. Andrew and the commemoration of Joseph Marchand.
Commemoration Day(United Arab Emirates)
A national holiday in the United Arab Emirates honoring Emirati fallen heroes and martyrs who have served the nation.
Day to Mark the Departure and Expulsion of Jews from the Arab Countries and Iran(Israel)
An Israeli commemorative day remembering the departure and expulsion of Jewish communities from Arab countries and Iran.
Independence Day, celebrates the independence ofBarbadosfrom the United Kingdom in 1966
Barbados's National Independence Day, celebrating its sovereignty from the United Kingdom since 1966.
National Day (Benin)
Benin's National Day commemorating the country's independence from France in 1960.
Regina Mundi Day(South Africa)
Saint Andrew's Day(Scotland)
The feast day of St. Andrew, Scotland's patron saint, celebrated with traditional music, dance, and cultural events.
Day of Remembrance for All Victims of Chemical Warfare(United Nations)
An annual United Nations observance honoring victims of chemical warfare and promoting global disarmament.
Events
Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws.
In 978, during the Franco-German War, Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifted the siege of Paris and withdrew his forces. The retreat reflected the resilience of West Frankish defenses and logistical strains on Otto’s army.
Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British Empire and their Creek allies to capture Pensacola, Spanish Florida.
In 1707, British and Creek forces besieged Pensacola but failed to breach the Spanish defenses during Queen Anne’s War. The siege ended with the attackers withdrawing in defeat.
Great Northern War: King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway.
King Charles XII of Sweden died during the 1718 siege of Fredriksten in Norway, a dramatic turn in the Great Northern War. His death ended Sweden’s era of military dominance in Northern Europe.
American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris: In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).
On November 30, 1782, preliminary peace articles were signed in Paris, paving the way for the 1783 Treaty of Paris that formally ended the American Revolutionary War. The agreement recognized American independence and set terms for future negotiations.
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under Pietro Leopoldo I, becomes the first modern state to abolish the death penalty (later commemorated as Cities for Life Day).
In 1786, Grand Duke Pietro Leopoldo I of Tuscany abolished the death penalty, becoming the first modern ruler to do so. This landmark reform is later celebrated annually as Cities for Life Day.
The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines.
The Balmis Expedition departed Spain in 1803 to deliver smallpox vaccines across Spanish America and the Philippines. It became a pioneering global health mission.
In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to the French First Republic.
In New Orleans on November 30, 1803, Spain formally transferred the vast Louisiana Territory back to France under the terms of the secret Treaty of San Ildefonso. This transfer set the stage for the Louisiana Purchase.
Crimean War: Battle of Sinop: The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.
On November 30, 1853, during the Crimean War, the Russian fleet under Admiral Nakhimov annihilated the Ottoman squadron at Sinop. This decisive action escalated the conflict and prompted British and French intervention.
American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General John Bell Hood suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio under General John Schofield in the Battle of Franklin.
During the American Civil War on November 30, 1864, Confederate forces suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Franklin, losing many officers and men in frontal assaults. The loss crippled General John Bell Hood’s Army of Tennessee.
Births
Gregory of Tours
Gallo-Roman bishop of Tours and historian known for writing the 'History of the Franks'.
Frederick II
Margrave of Meissen from 1323 to 1349, member of the House of Wettin.
John
French Duke of Berry and art patron during the late Middle Ages.
John FitzAlan
2nd Baron Arundel and Scottish soldier known for his leadership in late 14th-century conflicts.
Johann IV Roth
German Roman Catholic bishop who led his diocese during the late 15th century.
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland who presided over a period of political strength and cultural growth.
Mingyi Nyo
Founder of the Toungoo dynasty in Burma, which laid the foundations for a powerful kingdom.
Andrea Doria
Genoese admiral and statesman who transformed Genoa into a major maritime power.
Veronica Gambara
Italian Renaissance poet and stateswoman known for her literary salon and political leadership.
Deaths
Edmund Ironside
King of England who valiantly resisted Danish invasion in 1016, earning his nickname 'Ironside'.
Emeric
King of Hungary whose reign faced internal revolts and external threats during the High Middle Ages.
Kanezawa Sanetoki
Japanese regent and scholar who founded one of medieval Japan’s most influential libraries.
John of Vercelli
Italian Dominican Master General who led the Order during the 13th century.
Andrew Stratford
English medieval verderer and landowner responsible for managing royal forests.
Guillaume Crétin
French Renaissance poet known for his elegant courtly rondeaux.
Giovanni dalle Bande Nere
Italian condottiero famed for his daring tactics during the Italian Wars.
Richard Farrant
English Renaissance composer and playwright who pioneered public theatre.
Nanda Bayin
King of Burma who struggled to maintain his father’s empire amid rebellion.