December 12

Constitution Day in Russia marks the anniversary of the nationwide referendum held in 1993 that approved the current Russian Constitution. Since its establishment as a public holiday in 2005, December 12 has been observed with official ceremonies, although work stoppages have varied over the years. The Constitution enshrines the principles of separation of powers, federalism, and fundamental civil rights. Government leaders deliver speeches emphasizing the rule of law and civic responsibility. Educational institutions host events to teach citizens about the importance of constitutional governance. The day serves as a reminder of Russia’s legal foundations and encourages public engagement with democratic values.

Turkmenistan’s Day of Neutrality, observed on December 12, commemorates the UN General Assembly’s formal recognition of the country’s permanent neutrality in 1995. President Saparmurat Niyazov introduced neutrality to safeguard Turkmenistan’s sovereignty and promote peaceful international relations after the Soviet Union’s dissolution. The celebration emphasizes the nation’s commitment to non-alignment, non-intervention, and disarmament. Festivities include official ceremonies, cultural performances, military parades, and exhibitions of national heritage. Educational programs and conferences highlight the principles and benefits of neutrality in global affairs. The holiday reinforces Turkmenistan’s diplomatic achievements and aspirations for constructive cooperation with all nations.