December 21

Władysław Witwicki was born in 1878 in Kharkiv and studied medicine and philosophy before becoming a pioneering psychologist in Poland. He translated key philosophical and psychological works by Plato, Descartes, and Freud into Polish, making these ideas accessible to his countrymen. Witwicki published influential studies on aesthetics, human perception, and the history of art, blending scholarly rigor with creative insight. An accomplished painter and sculptor, he exhibited his works in Warsaw and contributed original designs to the Polish decorative arts. He also researched and taught the history of literature and art, fostering a deeper appreciation of Poland’s cultural heritage. His interdisciplinary legacy continues to inspire psychologists, philosophers, and artists alike.

Born in 1919 in Antwerp, Belgium. He fled Europe during World War II and became a leading literary critic in the United States. As a professor at Yale University, he was a central figure in deconstruction and literary theory. His major works include "Blindness and Insight" and "Allegories of Reading." After his death, controversy arose over critics of his wartime journalism. His ideas have had a lasting impact on literary criticism and theory.