1620day.year
Plymouth Colony: William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land near what is now known as Plymouth Rock in Plymouth, Massachusetts.
William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims land at Plymouth Rock, establishing Plymouth Colony in 1620.
In November 1620, a group of English Puritans set sail aboard the Mayflower seeking religious freedom.
After a treacherous Atlantic crossing, they spotted land near Cape Cod in December.
On December 21, William Bradford and the Pilgrims made camp at what became Plymouth Rock.
They soon drafted the Mayflower Compact, establishing a self-governing community.
Plymouth Colony became one of the earliest successful English settlements in North America.
Their perseverance and cooperative spirit would shape colonial society and American identity.
1620
Plymouth Colony
William Bradford
Mayflower
Pilgrims
Plymouth Rock
Plymouth, Massachusetts
1844day.year
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers opens its cooperative shop, launching the modern cooperative movement in 1844.
In Rochdale, England, a group of 28 weavers and workers sought fair pricing and quality goods.
On December 21, 1844, they established their cooperative store based on democratic principles.
Their ‘Rochdale Principles’ included open membership, limited interest, and education.
The model emphasized profit sharing and community welfare, setting a template for cooperatives.
News of their success spread rapidly, inspiring consumer and producer cooperatives worldwide.
Today, the Rochdale Society is celebrated as the foundation of the global cooperative movement.
1844
Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers
cooperative
Rochdale
starting the Cooperative movement
2012day.year
2012 phenomenon: Festivities are held in parts of Mesoamerica to commemorate the conclusion of b’ak’tun 13, a roughly 5,126-year-long cycle in the Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar whose passing many New Age spiritualists had earlier held to portend a variety of cataclysmic or transformative events.
In 2012, communities in Mesoamerica celebrated the end of b’ak’tun 13 of the Long Count Calendar, a cycle lasting over 5,000 years that had sparked New Age speculations of transformative change.
On December 21, 2012, Mesoamerican regions held traditional festivities marking the completion of the 13th b’ak’tun, a period of about 5,126 years in the ancient Long Count Calendar. Many indigenous groups observed rituals, music, and cultural ceremonies to honor this astronomical and calendrical milestone. New Age spiritualists worldwide had earlier linked this cycle’s end to apocalyptic or transformative prophecies, drawing global media attention. Despite widespread hype of cataclysmic events, celebrations focused on cultural heritage, community gatherings, and reflection on past eras. The event highlighted the enduring legacy of pre-Columbian civilizations and sparked renewed public interest in Mesoamerican history and cosmology.
2012
2012 phenomenon
Mesoamerican Long Count Calendar
New Age