1659day.year
The Marathas defeat the Adilshahi forces in the Battle of Kolhapur.
Maratha forces secured a decisive victory against the Adilshahi army at Kolhapur.
In December 1659, Shivaji’s Maratha army engaged the Adilshahi forces near Kolhapur.
Using guerrilla tactics and detailed knowledge of the terrain, they routed their opponents.
This victory secured Maratha dominance in western India and boosted Shivaji’s reputation.
It marked a turning point leading to the formation of the Maratha Empire.
The battle showcased the rising strength of regional powers challenging established sultanates.
1659
Marathas
Adilshahi
Battle of Kolhapur
1835day.year
Osceola leads his Seminole warriors in Florida into the Second Seminole War against the United States Army.
Osceola leads the Seminole people in Florida against the United States Army, igniting the Second Seminole War.
On December 28, 1835, charismatic leader Osceola rallied his Seminole warriors to resist forced relocation to the west. This bold uprising marked the start of the Second Seminole War, one of the longest and most costly Indian Wars in United States history. The Seminoles used guerrilla tactics and deep knowledge of Florida’s swamps to elude and harass American forces. Despite heavy losses, they remarkably resisted removal longer than any other tribe. The conflict highlighted the violent consequences of the Indian Removal policy. It reshaped U.S. military strategy and had a lasting impact on Seminole identity and Florida’s development.
1835
Osceola
Seminole
Florida
Second Seminole War
1941day.year
World War II: Operation Anthropoid, the plot to assassinate high-ranking Nazi officer Reinhard Heydrich, commences.
On December 28, 1941, Operation Anthropoid began, targeting Nazi official Reinhard Heydrich for assassination.
Operation Anthropoid was a daring World War II mission carried out by Czechoslovak resistance fighters trained in Britain. The operation aimed to eliminate Reinhard Heydrich, a top Nazi official and key architect of the Holocaust. On December 28, 1941, Jan Kubiš and Jozef Gabčík parachuted into occupied Czechoslovakia to plan the attack. After months of preparation, they succeeded in fatally wounding Heydrich in Prague in May 1942. Despite its success, the mission triggered brutal reprisals by Nazi forces, including the destruction of entire villages like Lidice. Operation Anthropoid remains one of the most notable acts of resistance against Nazi occupation, symbolizing courage under tyranny.
1941
World War II
Operation Anthropoid
Nazi
Reinhard Heydrich
1943day.year
Soviet authorities launch Operation Ulussy, beginning the deportation of the Kalmyk nation to Siberia and Central Asia.
In 1943, Soviet authorities commenced Operation Ulussy, deporting the Kalmyk population to Siberia and Central Asia.
Operation Ulussy was a forced deportation carried out by Soviet authorities against the Kalmyk people during World War II. Accused of collaborating with the advancing German army, nearly 100,000 Kalmyks were rounded up and loaded into cattle cars. They endured harsh winter conditions on the journey to remote regions of Siberia and Central Asia. Thousands perished from exposure, malnutrition, and disease during and after the transit. The Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished, and survivors faced years of exile. This tragic episode remains one of the Soviet Union’s most severe instances of ethnic cleansing.
1943
deportation of the Kalmyk nation
1943day.year
World War II: After eight days of brutal house-to-house fighting, the Battle of Ortona concludes with the victory of the 1st Canadian Infantry Division over the German 1st Parachute Division and the capture of the Italian town of Ortona.
The Battle of Ortona ended on December 28, 1943, with Canadian forces capturing the town after intense urban combat.
The Battle of Ortona was a critical World War II engagement between the German 1st Parachute Division and the 1st Canadian Infantry Division. Known for its brutal close-quarters combat and narrow Italian streets, the fight earned the nickname "Little Stalingrad." Canadian troops innovated with "mouse-holing" tactics, blasting through building walls to advance. After eight days of fierce house-to-house fighting, they secured victory and captured Ortona on December 28, 1943. The battle inflicted heavy casualties on both sides and demonstrated the resolve of Canadian forces. Today, Ortona stands as a symbol of Canada's military sacrifice and tactical ingenuity.
house-to-house fighting
Battle of Ortona
1st Canadian Infantry Division
German 1st Parachute Division
Ortona
2006day.year
War in Somalia: The militaries of Somalia's Transitional Federal Government and Ethiopian troops capture Mogadishu unopposed.
On December 28, 2006, Somalia's Transitional Federal Government forces, supported by Ethiopian troops, captured Mogadishu without facing resistance.
As part of the wider War in Somalia, Ethiopian military forces allied with the Transitional Federal Government advanced on the insurgent-held capital. On December 28, 2006, their coordinated operation led to the unopposed entry into Mogadishu after Islamist militias withdrew. The takeover signaled a shift in control from the Islamic Courts Union to the transitional administration. While the city saw minimal combat, the occupation raised concerns about potential insurgent retaliation and civilian safety. Thousands of residents watched as government and Ethiopian troops secured key government buildings and infrastructure. The event marked a turning point in Somalia's prolonged conflict, influencing subsequent international peacekeeping and reconstruction efforts.
2006
War in Somalia
Somalia
Transitional Federal Government
Ethiopian
capture Mogadishu
2009day.year
Forty-three people die in a suicide bombing in Karachi, Pakistan, where Shia Muslims are observing the Day of Ashura.
A suicide bombing on December 28, 2009 struck Shia Muslims observing the Day of Ashura in Karachi, Pakistan, killing 43 people.
On December 28, 2009, a suicide bomber detonated explosives in a crowded procession of Shia pilgrims observing Ashura, one of Islam's holiest commemorations. The attack resulted in 43 fatalities and many more injuries, overwhelming local hospitals. Emergency responders and volunteers rushed to the scene amid fears of further violence. The bombing intensified sectarian tensions in Pakistan, where Shia communities have faced repeated targeted attacks. Investigations pointed to extremist groups opposed to Shia religious practices, prompting nationwide condemnations. Security measures for religious gatherings were subsequently heightened, with increased police patrols and intelligence operations to prevent future attacks.
2009
Forty-three people die in a suicide bombing
Karachi
Shia
Day of Ashura